Population Review

Urban areas have larger populations than rural areas. Why? There are more job opportunities, more services. For immigrants, ethnic communities might already be established there.

In developed countries, the mortality rate is quite low In developed countries, the mortality rate is quite low. What is keeping the rate low? Advances in medicine. General lack of armed conflicts. Easy access to basic needs (food, water, etc.)

The birth rate is also dropping The birth rate is also dropping. What is causing the fertility rate to drop in developed countries? Easy access to contraception. Changing traditional gender roles. Cost of living is rising.

What are some of the characteristics of migrants arriving in North America? Aged between 20 and 40. Women represent almost half of migrants. Most of the migrants are skilled.

Migration flows in the world People from west African countries migrating toward Europe. People from India and southeast Asia migrating to Persian Gulf countries. People from Latin America migrating to North America.

What is a refugee? It is a person who is outside of the country of their nationality or habitual residence. Fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, etc. Person is unable to return to their country because of that fear.

What are some of the main push factors when it comes to migration? War and other armed conflicts. Famine, drought and other natural disasters.

What are some of the main pull factors when it comes to migration? Better job opportunities. Better quality of life. Family members might already be in another country.

What is the brain drain phenomenon and how does it affect a country? It is when highly educated people in a country leave to go elsewhere. They leave because training or education might be better elsewhere. Better job opportunities elsewhere. Country of origin ends up lacking highly educated individuals.

What is a diaspora? It is a network of members of ethnic communities spread across the globe. These people keep ties with the country of origin.

What are some of the consequences of a diaspora? The diaspora preserves the group’s cultural heritage. Emigrants in wealthier countries often send money back home to their families.

Why do countries establish borders? To control what passes into the country (different substances,fauna and flora, etc.). To provide for the security of the country.

What to review? What are some highly populated areas? (North America, Europe, parts of Asia) Demographic characteristics (falling birth rate and death rate, aging of population) Characteristics of migrants History of migration in Canada (see notes) Main migration flows Refugees

What to review? Undocumented workers Consequences of undocumented workers Brain Drain Diaspora Push and pull factors Migration, Immigration and Emigration