Session 3.2. Situation Analysis Step 3 Profiling Households at Risk

Learning Objectives After this session, participants should be able to: Identify the aims of and reasons for profiling the food insecure and those at risk Explain the methodology of profiling an affected population – through crossing with key population characteristics, and of the Conceptual framework

Where are we? EFSA Process Adapt conceptual framework & objectives Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources Collect, review secondary data Collect primary data Conduct situation analysis Conduct forecast analysis Analyse response options Make response recommendations Prepare report

Why? Why do we profile food (in)secure HHs? Describe livelihood assets, strategies and outcomes of food (in)secure HHs Understand factors associated with food insecurity and with risks to lives and livelihoods Define easily recognisable characteristics that can be used to target those at-risk

How? How is profiling done? Cross (-tabulating) food (in)secure HHs against: location sex & age of head of HH HH size dependency ratio education level status (e.g. resident, IDP etc.) main livelihood activity (livelihood groups) main coping strategies assets owned other key characteristics relevant to context

HH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Charac-teristic Loca-tion Sex HH Head Type of risk L=lives LH=live-lihoods Loca-tion Sex HH Head Age HH Head Age Comp. Status Main prod. Activ-ity Health access Mar-ket ac-cess Coping strate-gies HH 1 L URB F 28 F, 3C IDP Petty trade OK Sell asset, debt, gifts, food Q&Q▼ 2 LH RUR 20 F, 2E Res. Farmer Poor Sell asset 3 No M 30 M, F, 1C Gov. - 4 2F, 3C Debt, food Q&Q▼ 5 25 F, 1E Animal product 6 46 M, F, 2E, 3C Business 7 Salary 8 24 F, 1E, 2C Casual labour Sell asset, debt, gifts, food Q&Q▼, skip days, begging 9 60 Retired 10 32 Sell asset, food Q&Q▼ Household profiling The characteristics of the “at risk” households are analysed as shown in the following table: From this, the following conclusions can be drawn: Households “not at risk” are mostly urban, resident, and male-headed. Each of the “not at risk” households has a different “main productive activity”. Households at risk to livelihoods (but not lives) are rural; resident; mostly (¾) female-headed; and employ 1 or 2 coping strategies. They all depend upon agriculture as their main productive activity. All of the households at risk to lives (and livelihoods) are urban; displaced; female-headed with the head of the household aged 20-30 years; and employ multiple coping strategies (some serious). 33% of households at risk to lives and livelihoods are rural; resident; female-headed with the head of the household aged 20-30 years; and employ 1 or 2 coping strategies. Additional observations can be made: All of the displaced households are at risk to lives and livelihoods All of the female-headed households are at risk to lives and/or livelihoods None of the urban resident households are at risk to either lives or livelihoods All of the rural households are at risk to lives and/or livelihoods All of the households that depend on agriculture are at risk to lives and/or livelihoods On the basis of this analysis groups can be defined (possibly for use in targeting if an intervention is initiated), in order of priority: Urban / displaced Urban / female headed households Rural / farmers Rural / female headed households Evidently livelihoods (based on main productive activity) is one factor out of several that correlates with risk; hence, as is often the case, it is necessary to go beyond “livelihood groups” when profiling risk. 6 6

Why are people food insecure and why are their lives or livelihoods at risk? Analysis of factors associated with food insecurity and with risks to lives or livelihoods: use contextual analysis (secondary data + primary data) and HH profiling use Conceptual Framework - adapted to local context to understand linkages

Exercise 3.2.a. Drought in Southern Province With your partners: Analyse the table and determine which factors appear to be associated with risk. Be prepared to provide your reasoning.

Exercise 3.2.b Identifying characteristics of food-insecure HHs & individuals whose lives & livelihoods are at risk What other information should be analyzed to profile HHs in this country? Which information would help in targeting?