Backpacking Have any of you ever gone on a backpacking trip? What kinds of food did you take? What makes a good food to pack?

Territorial Expansions New France: The French system of trade had focused on promoting trade with the aboriginals. This system differed from the British system because the British wanted to gain more land for settlements, in particular farming. Eventually, farming pushed the fur trade and all the fur traders from the land. New France became a British colony in 1763. Eventually the fur trade moved west, as British desire for land pushed fur traders away from the Atlantic Ocean. Specifically, we saw a large Metis settlement develop at Red River, which is in present day Manitoba. In the West, missionaries began to convert First Nations to Christianity.

Phase 4: The Drive West: 1760-1821 P.121-123 Questions P. 124

Role of Metis women in the Fur Trade As a class read the story on p. 126-127. The story displays the importance of these cross-cultural marriages in the fur trade. These aboriginal women played a very important role in helping these fur traders to cement trading alliances, gain interpreters, as well as a companion. Why would women be so important in helping to surpass the language barrier that existed? These women in the marriages performed many day to day tasks like preparing hides, making snowshoes and clothing. For fur traders life at a fur trading fort could sometimes be difficult. Fur traders were constantly competing with each other for business. Often times after a fur trading fort was built, the land surrounding the fort would be completely barren within a couple of years. Life at a fur trading fort was extremely rugged but there was still a social hierarchy. People who were of wealth and power would display this through their choice of clothing while people of lower status wore more plain "work clothes." These forts offered goods that had been manufactured in Europe in exchange for furs that were trapped and prepared by First Nations.

HBC vs. NWC: There was a fierce rivalry between these two companies that led to shootings, hostage taking and kidnappings. Britain finally grew tired of this conflict and in 1821 encouraged both companies to merge under the name of the Hudson's Bay Company. The HBC was increasingly losing control of their monopoly on the fur trade. They lost a court case against independent Metis traders that were supplying Americans with furs. Britain feared that the Americans would use their economic connections to take over Rupert's Land.

History Happens: A Tale of Two Forts Read article p. 128-129 Respond question p. 129 If you found an artefact, what would you do with it?

Phase 5: Monopoly in the West: 1821-1870 P.130-132

Discuss: If you were a fur trader at this time, where do you think you would choose to settle? Why would you choose to settle here? Develop one paragraph where you explain where you would settle but also, why you would settle here. (10-12 minutes) Share these paragraphs with the class.

How did the Fur Trade influence the Migration of Peoples? Review: Samuel de Champlain was one of the most important explorers to Canada's history. He established Quebec City as a fur trade capital because it had better potential than Acadia on the East Coast. Many French settlers flocked to Quebec City in order to establish settlements. Colonists soon also began to move to Montreal and Trois Rivieres as more French settlers began to participate in the Fur trade. The Metis wanted to establish a stronghold in the European fur trade. As a result they wanted to settle in the center of the trading between the East and the West. As a result, they settled in the Red River area, which was between Montreal and the Western provinces. The Metis established this settlement in what we call Manitoba today.

Perspectives on the Fur Trade Read the 5 historians’ perspectives Do you think it is positive or negative?

Unit Test: Paragraph Compare and Contract It is an application question, meaning you apply what you have learned through the first unit. It is not about memorizing, it’s about applying what you know. Relationship with First Nations and Europeans