Respiratory System In Class Notes:

Function: (30.5) It provides oxygen for cells Removes carbon dioxide from the body

Organs Involved: (30.5) pharynx: the junction in the throat of the alimentary canal and the trachea epiglottis: flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs larynx: voicebox; contains the vocal cords trachea: in some arthropods, chitin-lined air tube that forms part of the respiratory system; in humans, tube between the larynx and bronchi through which air travels to the lungs; also called the windpipe bronchus: one of two tubes connecting the trachea to each lung lung: organ consisting of sponge-like tissue that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood bronchiole: thin tube that branches from a bronchus within a lung alveolus: one of millions of tiny sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs diaphragm: sheet of muscle that forms the bottom wall of the chest cavity; contracts during inhaling and relaxes during exhaling

Sequence of breathing: As you inhale, air enters the respiratory system through the nose or mouth. Many of the impurities in air, such as dirt and bacteria, are filtered by hair and mucus in the nose. As air enters the body through the nose or mouth, it is warmed and moisture is added. Next, air passes into the pharynx (the throat), where the passageways for air and food cross. The air pathway in the pharynx is always open, except when you swallow. Then a flap of tissue called the epiglottis momentarily covers the air pathway and prevents water or food from entering.

Diagram:

Parts you should know:

How is breathing regulated? Breathing is controlled by the lungs and diaphragm. The medulla regulates how fast you breathe. When the level of carbon dioxide is high in the blood, it increases the breathing rate

What effects does smoking have on the respiratory system? Destroys cilia Increased risk for developing lung cancer/other respiratory diseases Increases risk for getting cardiovascular diseases

Name at least 3 disorders & provide a description: Asthma Inflammation and narrowing of the lung airways Chest tightness, coughing, and shortness of breath during activities Pneumonia Symptoms: cough, fever, tired, breath shortage Infected when germs enter lungs; occurs in the lungs

Disorders Continued Emphysema Disease where it causes the walls of the alveoli lose their flexibility Caused by smoking