Bell Work 02/18/2015 Get out a new piece of paper to start a new round of Bell Works Put Today’s Date & Answer the Following Questions: What type of cell do you have the most of in your blood? What is the function of platelets The decreased oxygen carrying capacity of erythrocytes is called _________________________.

Blood Groups

Do Not Copy!!

Do Not Copy!! Population group O A B AB Rh+ European-American 45 40 11 4 85 African-American 49 27 20 4 95 Korean-American 32 28 30 10 100 Japanese-American 31 38 21 10 100 Chinese-American 42 27 25 6 100 Native American 79 16 4 1 100

Blood Types ABO & Rh Antigen (agglutinogens) – proteins on the surface of erythrocytes – determine the blood type

ABO Blood Groups Determined by the presence/absence of antigens A & B which are carried on the surface of RBCs Antigen A & Antigen B O IS THE ABSENSE OF ANTIGENS Antibodies are the opposite (located in the plasma) EX: type A blood has type A antigen and antibodies for B (anti-B antibodies) Type AB blood has type A and type B antigens and antibodies against neither Too large to cross placenta

Huh??? Classification of human blood is based on inherited properties of RBCs which is determined by the presence or absence of the antigen A and B, which are carried on the surface of red cells. Blood types: A, B, AB, O Blood cells with type A antigen on their surface has in its serum (fluid) ANTIBODIES that fight against B red cells. So, if in a transfusion, type B blood is injected is into a persons blood with type A, the cells in the injected blood will be destroyed by the antibodies in the recipient’s blood.

Most complex blood groups An antigen RH Blood Groups Most complex blood groups An antigen You either have it (+) or you don’t (-) Do not develop antibodies automatically; need exposure first. 1st exposure = no transfusion reaction

Transfusion Reactions Antibodies bind to antigens of donor = agglutination, RBCs rupture and hemoglobin leaks out clogging kidneys leading to kidney failure

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) Major cause of fetal loss & death among newborn babies Blood types of mother and baby are incompatible Rh Incompatibility & ABO incompatibility Can be treated If baby’s incompatible blood cells cross over to his/hermother (through placenta during pregnancy or at delivery), her immune system sees them as foreign and responds by developing antibodies to attack and break them down.

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) Rh Incompatibility (most frequent): Mother with Rh- negative blood becomes pregnant by an Rh- positive father, resulting in Rh- positive baby Prevention, RhoGAM (prevent mother forming antibodies) in Rh- mothers after every birth