Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia CH 14, Sec 4 *Two groups formed to rid India of foreign rule: Hindu Indian National Congress vs Muslim League *Muslims & Hindus—generally DON’T get along….but --both wanted British out of India

*WWI—over 1 million Indians fought for the British Army -promised reforms after the war leading to self-government Instead After The War… --British still treated Indians like 2nd class citizens --Radical nationalists- responded violently showing their intense hatred of the English. --English pass Rowlatt Acts--- -jail protesters w/out trial for up to 2 years.

*Amristar Massacre---1919, in Amristar, India --10K Hindus & Muslims went to Amristar to pray, fast, and listen to political speeches. --British get freaked out…did NOT want an alliance of Hindus & Muslims. --British banned public gatherings (Rowlatt Acts) --Brit. Cmndr. at Amristar orders his troops to open fire into the crowd for 10 minutes….400 killed, 1,200 wounded ---what does this do for Indian nationalism?

*Mohandas K. Gandhi---teachings blended all major world religions--Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity. -”Mahatma”= great soul --Brit soldiers NOT punished for Amristar Massacre….so, Gandhi urges Natl. Congress to utilize noncooperation.

*Civil Disobedience---deliberate & public refusal to Obey an unjust law, & nonviolence as the means to Achieve independence.—MLK Jr.=same thing in 60s *Called for Boycotts– Refusing to buy British goods attend British schools pay British taxes even vote *Refusing to buy British cloth really hurt the Brits, big time *Gandhi urged Indians to spin their own cloth and not buy British cloth.

Gandhi encouraged strikes at factories --Hurt the Brits economically---trains couldn’t run, factories couldn’t operate, & jails were overcrowded w/ protest arrests. Leading towards the… *Salt March - 1930—Gandhi organized demonstration to protest Salt Acts—everyone had to buy salt from the govt. Indians opposed it.

Salt March *Protestors walked 240 miles to the sea to get saltwater & let the water evaporate…. 60 K people eventually arrested Hundreds of beatings *all covered by an American Press—worldwide attention came to Gandhi’s efforts….

*1935—British Parliament passed Government of India Act—gave local self-govt. and limited democratic elections, but not total independence…. Muslims & Hindus began tensions began again Muslims worried that Hindus would run the country if gained independence. *Read---page 456 to wrap up Section 4