Intermodal, Short Sea Shipping, Floating Ports Initiatives? UNECE 36th Session on Inland Water Transport 2010.02.10-12 Geneva, Swiss Jae Wook Lee ISO / TC8 / SC11, Chairman Professor, Inha University, Korea

Discussion Topics Intermodal, Rivers, Short Sea Shipping Floating Ports Initiatives

World Marine Industry Sector Totals 2005-2010 (€bn) Source : World Marine Markets, March 2005, Douglas-Westwood

Trade Volume and Transport Routes between EU & NE Asia TSR TCR-N 9,778 bil.$ TCR TCR-M TCR-S 5,808 bil.$ 4,971 bil.$ 2,356 bil.$ 2003 2010 2003 2010 NE Asia EU

Container Trade Volume among C-J-K unit :10,000 TEU Container Trade Volume among C-J-K

 Needs of SSS System in NE Asia European short sea shipping has achieved great success for last 15 years to shift cargos from road transport Road congestion results increase of transport cost & air pollution in Europe Short Sea Shipping is recognized as best practices for users, operators, regulators and infrastructure providers of C-J-K region

Definition Implementation Support Short Sea Shipping Intermodality Hardware Ships, Cargo handling systems, Terminals Software VTMIS(safety), EDI(Advanced logistics) Support A local cooperative forum Collaboration with market The Yellow Sea transportation system will be defined as an intermodal short sea shipping network specific to the region. And implementation of the Yellow Sea transportation system necessitate advances in, among others, the following engineering fields: vessels, cargo handling systems, terminals and software such as Vessel Traffic Management and Information System for safer operation and Electronic data Interchange for advanced logistics. Support of the system from non-engineering sectors are also vital to the success of the Yellow Sea Transportation system. A local cooperative forum consists of government, shipping companies and related industries as well as Universities and/or research institute from the countries involved will be necessary. Collaboration with shipping industries will be most crucial to the success of the system.

Short Sea Shipping Routes In Yellow Sea Region To America TMGR TMR TKR Yantai KTX JR TCR Lianyungang Ocean Route SSS Route Yangtze River Short Sea Shipping Routes In Yellow Sea Region EU

Yellow Sea Sea-River Shipping

The Yellow Sea transportation system will be defined as an intermodal short sea shipping network specific to the region. And implementation of the Yellow Sea transportation system necessitate advances in, among others, the following engineering fields: vessels, cargo handling systems, terminals and software such as Vessel Traffic Management and Information System for safer operation and Electronic data Interchange for advanced logistics. Support of the system from non-engineering sectors are also vital to the success of the Yellow Sea Transportation system. A local cooperative forum consists of government, shipping companies and related industries as well as Universities and/or research institute from the countries involved will be necessary. Collaboration with shipping industries will be most crucial to the success of the system.

Kyung-In Canal Length : 18 km Width : 100 m Depth : 6 m INCHEON SEOUL Han River Yellow Sea INCHEON SEOUL

Yangtze River Inland Waterway Chonging 重慶 446  Fengjie 奉節 538  92  Badong 巴東 648  202  110  Yichang 宜昌 1,274  828  736  626  Wuhan 武漢 1,543  1,097  1,005  895  269  Jiujiang 九江 2,007  1,561  1,469  1,359  733  464  Nanjing 南京 2,094  1,648  1,556  1,446  820  551  87  Zhenjiang 鎭江 2,399  1,953  1,861  1,751  1,125  856  392  305  Shanghai 上海 Length : 2,399 km (Shanghai – Chongqing) Annual Throughput : 430 mil ton (2004)

SSS System Terminal Facilities : SSS Support Systems : Ships objective : - Sea-river Barge - Fast Container Carrier - Train Ferry, etc Terminal Facilities : - Cargo handling systems - Transshipment, etc. SSS Support Systems : - SSS Information Networks - Identification and Location Technologies for Intermodal Transport - Customs Clearance - Container Security Initiatives etc.

New or Old Technologies Ships objective New or Old Technologies New: Tri-maran Fast Container Feeder(40kts) Old: Pusher Barge Fleet Offshore, larger, sea-going barges are pulled by tugs. . .

Fast Container Ship (over 30knots) Barges (less than 10knots) Fast or Slow Ships Fast Container Ship (over 30knots) Barges (less than 10knots) Vessels such as this high speed ferry are already widely employed on northern European routes. They represent the next generation of short sea shipping in America. These vessels move passengers and cargo quickly and have advanced cargo handling equipment to ensure a quick turnaround time in port.

The FLO/FLO Type Barge Carriers Source: Dockwise (2003)

Sea-river Barge carrier in the Yellow Sea -1 A conceptual drawing of sea-river barge carrier for the local delivery along the coastal area of Korean peninsular

Source : Prof. Abdel-Maksoud, 2007 Sea-river Barge carrier as an example Alternative Concept for conventional Container Transshipment Hinterland Sea Sea-river Barge Container Ship Reducing number of transshipment steps Hinterland Sea Sea-river Barge Modern barge carrier concept Source : Prof. Abdel-Maksoud, 2007

Source : Prof. Abdel-Maksoud, 2007 Loading Depth Reducing for loading of barge into the under-deck cargo hold Pumping out water from the ballast tanks to adjust the height of barge carrier to accommodate the floating barge into the lower cargo hold Floating and fixing of the barge in cargo hold Source : Prof. Abdel-Maksoud, 2007

Source : Prof. Abdel-Maksoud, 2007 Sea-river Barge carrier in the Yellow Sea - 2 Larger Cargo Hold of Barge Carrier Advantage: Direct floating-in of barge fleet into the carrier Disadvantage: Great free surface with nagative influence on the ship stability Source : Prof. Abdel-Maksoud, 2007

Train Ferry System • Train Ferry System for Korea-China and Korea-Japan • Short Sea Shipping linkage to TAR (Trans Asian Railway) • Standardization Target : Ship and Harbor Facility The photograph show a train ferry operating in the Baltic Sea. Train ferries are needed for connection of Korean railways to Chinese and for direct access to the Continental railways. SSS linkages to TAR Train Ferry in Baltic Sea

Major Railway Network of China Beijing 8 Major Longitudinal Railways Shanghai 8 Major Transverse Railways

Direct Delivery of Container from Barge to Warehouse Door Terminal Facilities Inland Waterway Container Terminal WAREHOUSES-CFS INLAND CONTAINER TERMINAL, LO/LO BARGE ACCESS Rail Mounted Gantry Crane Loaded Container Stack To/from Over-the-Road Vans Direct Delivery of Container from Barge to Warehouse Door To/from Grounded ISO Container Two-way Container On Chassis Loading Lane LO/LO Container Barge

RoPax (Pallet Loading/Unloading) System of EU Cargo Handling Systems RoPax (Pallet Loading/Unloading) System of EU The figure shows a conceptual drawing of a fast cargo handling system with container palette, specially designed to overcome severe tidal differences in the Yellow Sea region.

• Container Pallet handling system patented by CTYS, Inha University The figure shows a conceptual drawing of a fast cargo handling system with container palette, specially designed to overcome severe tidal differences in the Yellow Sea region.  CTYS 2000 High Performance Capability of Loading and Unloading Position Valve System Activated by Smart Electro-Rheological(ER) Fluids Easy adaptation for High Speed Cargo Ships

Concept of Mega Pallet System -1

Concept of Mega Pallet System - 2

Floating Container Terminal Max. Min. Container cranes Floating Terminal Absorbing Devices  CTYS Fixing Anchor crane Bridge support Connection Bridge Ship Couplings The floating terminal may operate apart from the land and can handle transshipment between ships or ships and barges.

Offshore Floating Terminal Trends of container shipping Mega Carrier shipping co. Big ship, 12000TEU over Mega Hub port Global Terminal Operator (GTO) Source : Offshore-Containerumschlag – Herausforderung für Ingenieure Kapitän Dipl.-Naut. Olaf Kammertöns Entwicklungszentrum für Schiffstechnik und Transport systeme e.V. (Duisburg) Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Wichner CATS GmbH & Co. KG (Wendelstein) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud Institut für Schiffstechnik und Transportsysteme der UDE (Duisburg)* Mitglied des Zentrums für Logistik und Verkehr, Universität Duisburg-Essen 28. Duisburger Kolloquium, 14-15 June, 2007

Offshore Floating Terminal Source : Abdel Maksoud et. al. 2007

Mobile Harbor (MH-B1 type) The floating terminal may operate apart from the land and can handle transshipment between ships or ships and barges. Source : KAIST

Mobile Harbor (MH-B2 type) The floating terminal may operate apart from the land and can handle transshipment between ships or ships and barges. Source : KAIST

Mobile Harbor (MH_A1-1200 type) The floating terminal may operate apart from the land and can handle transshipment between ships or ships and barges. Source : KAIST

Mobile Harbor (MH_A1-250 type) The floating terminal may operate apart from the land and can handle transshipment between ships or ships and barges. Source : KAIST

Types of Mobile Floating Structures 1. Mobile floating ports/terminals - implementing the nodal point of global and short sea shipping for efficient logistics system - IT based design of future logistics process before implementation 2. Floating Airport 3. Artificial Island : concept for ocean living & tourism 4. Sea based support Platform - The need for amphibious operations

Challenges in defining and implementing Understanding scope and complexity of implementation Lack of internal expertise to implement virtualization Anticipated costs of implementing virtualization Demonstrating ROI for virtualization Strategies in support of its Initiatives Determine need for virtualization Develop virtualization strategy Consolidate applications and data System management and technologies Safety & Security VTMIS, EDI, e-Port Clearance, Standardization, etc.

Major Fields for Design and Construction Structure Mechanics - Loading and structure response analysis - Safety and reliability of the structures, etc. Hydrodynamics - Analysis of relative motion between structure and ships during operation conditions, etc. Automation & Crane Technology - Operation of container cranes in the balanced conditions - Energy management system of the structures Structure Lifetime Management - Cost-Profit-Analysis

Intermodal & SSS Pilot Projects in NE Asia High-speed Container System in C-J-K region C-J-K RoPax (RoRo & Passenger) System Korea-China Train Ferry System Sea-River Barge System Offshore Floating Terminal, etc.

Prof. Jae Wook Lee : leejwook@inha.ac.kr Thank You for your attention Prof. Jae Wook Lee : leejwook@inha.ac.kr