4G Mobile Technology – Towards Open Architecture and Open Spectrum Prof. Willie W. Lu, Ph.D Former Stanford Professor & Advisor of FCC-TAC Chairman & Executive Director, USCWC Independent Advisor & Examiner, EU/US/China/CA/etc. E-mail : wwlu@ieee.org

Commercial Mobile Communications Laws No single Radio Transmission Technology (RTT or Wireless Standard) can do both broadband high-speed and seamless mobility Low cost, high performance, easy to use, efficient spectrum utilization are key issues for market acceptance The mobile device is evolving from a traditional transmissions-specific radio system to the future interface-base system. This future mobile terminal will be relying on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) platform for complete openness and simplicity Requirements for Mobile Internet Terminal (MIT) Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) in System Architecture supporting adaptive multiple RTTS Open Spectrum Planning and Management – at least supporting dynamic spectrum allocation Affordability in services and applications – low cost though not cheap Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens

We have fundamental problem in the existing wireless communication architecture, and need to reshape the industry based on open architecture! Summary in Advance 4G can support high-speed (up to 100Mbps), but high-speed is not 4G 4G will focus on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) technology instead of purely high-speed transmission Mobile WiMAX can NOT support seamless mobility, but is OK for nomadic or limited mobility TD-SCDMA has many technical issues to be solved: Network Optimization and Further R&D will take at least ten years Wireless Mobile Internet will face big challenge if the underlying wireless transmission architecture is not open Open spectrum planning is relying on optimal modeling of digital GPS map and digital spectrum map of the service area Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens

China Long-Term Evolution Government’s Role in China Wireless/Mobile Industry GSM WLAN/BWA China Long-Term Evolution OWA TD-SCDMA One Device One Number One Dream TD-OFDMA Missions and Objectives Open system architecture Open spectrum planning Open OS and Application platform Truly User’s Phone, not Provider or Vendor’s Phone

Next Billion Users to Come from Emerging Markets North America Japan W. Europe 341 M 128 M 398 M Subscriber Penetration Rate Population 1,048 M 1,337 M 1,142 M 1,432 M “More than 3 billion people live within wireless coverage but cannot afford it.” “No Single Wireless Standard can do both broadband high-speed and seamless mobility.” -- Willie W. Lu % Latin America China India Africa, ME & Australia 2005 2010 Source: iSuppli, 1Q06

What’s 4G Mobile Technologies Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) Cost-effective and spectrum-effective high speed wireless transmission 4G can support high-speed transmission, but High-speed is NOT 4G

Wireless Standards Complexity Multiples ANY DEVICE SEAMLESS CONNECTIVITY ANY NETWORK Cellular WMAN WLAN WPAN Broadcast Navigation GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSDPA HSUPA 3.9G 4G Cellular 802.16d 802.16e WMAN 802.11b 802.11g 802.11a 802.11n WLAN UWB RFID Bluetooth ® WPAN A-GPS Galileo Navigation DVB-H ISDB-T DMB Broadcast DTV FM Broadcast Radio HD DAB ANY WHERE ANY TIME Without open wireless architecture, the wireless industry will be totally messed-up

Single Global Standard is IMPOSSIBLE Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens

Typical Cell Phone Block Diagram – Path to OWA Audio LNA RX Synth TX Radio CODEC User Interface Digital Baseband Logic PA Memory Display Passives Power Management SiGe BICMOS Hi Voltage Deep Submicron Digital Discrete Passives: SAW Filters, etc. Analog CMOS FLASH EEPROM Cost/area/interface are key goals We need open architecture to define open interfaces between modules

Power Consumption of a Traditional Multimedia Mobile Phone – Need Revolution in Architecture Average Power Consumption FM - Radio D TV MM Chip ARM DSP HW Acc SRAM OS Prot. Stack Display Camera wLAN BT Modem (GSM/GPRS/EDGE W CDMA/..) ANALOG Audio Codec BB Regulators Power Mgmt Mem Card Flash GPS SDRAM Application SW Input Device Antennas, RF Cellular modem and RF amplifier 1200 mW Application processor 600 mW Memories 200 mW UI (including display with backlight) 300 mW Audio 300 mW Other (BT, IrDA, Energy mgmt. etc.) 400 mW Total 3000 mW Power consumption at the system and processor level is becoming a dominant concern as we evolve toward integrated modem + applications processors ! Y. Neuvo, Exec. VP, Nokia, 2004 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference © 2004 IEEE

ICT Open Architecture Law “The reason we had Apple Computer is because it defined the Open Computer Architecture, The reason we had Cisco Systems is because it defined the Open Network Architecture, The world is at the edge to define the Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) to liberate the whole wireless industry.” Prof. Willie W. Lu, Dow Jones WI’2007

KPCB’s View on Future Mobile Phone In the Churchill Club "Top Ten Trends" on March 28th, 2007 in San Jose, John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers said his prediction is that the cell phone will be the next PC. Open architectured mobile phone gives consumers more choices for things to hang on their belts. http://www.dfj.com/cgi-bin/artman/publish/article_187.shtml

Simplicity – The Life of Phone Simplicity and Openness has become the very critical issues in designing the future mobile phone. According to Junko Yoshida, news editor of EE Times, ease of use has become a "grave issue" in engineering including mobile phone industry. Designers, she said, must "listen to the SOS from consumers". Doug Engelhart, inventor of the computer mouse, considered many options for navigation on a computer screen but chose the mouse because it tested best with users, and most importantly, for its simplicity! http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198800518&pgno=1

(for these to be pervasive) End-user interaction will evolve from many purpose-specific devices to integrated open smart environments STAGE2 : DEVICE BOOM Non-traditional device proliferation Integrated voice / data services Different devices for distinct market segments STAGE1 : TRADITIONAL DEVICES Individual standalone devices Traditional Form factor e.g. phones, PC, printer Wire-based point-to-point connections e.g. PC to printer 4 STAGE4 : TRULY OPEN SMART ENVIRONMENT by OWA Full network integration e.g. power, copper, cable, all wireless Single command & control device e.g. voice, gestures (cameras / sensors) Self-learning intelligence, virtual agents STAGE3: INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT Broadband availability All integrated entertainment / voice / data services No-wires (fully portable) network Devices interact with each other Penetration 3 Market: incl. trends and drivers, forecasts and implications Business Strategies: incl. mobile data value chain, mobile ISP business model, key success factors Case Studies: DoCoMo, Virgin, probably Sonera Business Plan: business plans, business development support from Siemens 2 Voice Data Video 1 2000 (Today) 2003 2005 2010 Time (for these to be pervasive)

OWA Enables Personal Communications Back to Life Again @ home Voice / Internet / IPTV In-flight Voice / Internet @ office Voice / Corporate Network Wireless Voice / Multimedia Data / Corporate / Personal

A True iPhone should comprise: Service-oriented mobility platform rather than wireless standard-specific platform High spectrum utilization efficiency Enhanced security features Open wireless air interfaces That’s relying on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) technology

The Future Services Environment with underlying OWA Layer Enterprise Mobile Workforce Digital Office Data Center MOTE RFID Factory / Warehouse Sensors Firewall Internet Service Providers Digital Cities Mobile Consumers & Workforces Digital Homes Digital Offices (SMB) Outsourced, Supplier, and Customer Data Centers Firewall Business Processes & Workflows Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) Virtualized Compute, Network & Storage Service - Oriented Architecture Converged Wireless and Mobile Platform Service - Oriented Infrastructure

End-To-End (E2E) IP Mobile Network Global IP Network (Internet) GW Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) across wireless and wireline LAN xDSL End to End IP Handset Smartphone Personal Intelligent Communicator PCMCIA-Card Phone Notebook

QoS Framework for OWA E2E-IP Mobile Networks End-to-End QoS (IntServ/DiffServ Mix) IntServ Network Edge DiffServ Network Core IntServ Network Edge Leaf Router Leaf Router Mobile Host Application Server Core Router QoS API OWA RTT RSVP IPv6 Transport All-IP Personal Communications RSVP QoS API OWA Classification/ Shaping/Marking Classification/ Shaping OWA Classification/ Shaping/Marking

4G Smartphone – Separate OS with RTT

4G Smartphone for Open MM Applications

Open Baseband Processing Platform

OWA Multi-band Transceiver

GSM/WiMax/TD-SCDMA 3-in-1 Cdma2000/W-LAN/WIMAX 3-in-1 OWA Product Definition (RF, BB, NET, OS, APP) W-LAN/WCDMA/BT 3-in-1 GSM/WiMax/TD-SCDMA 3-in-1 Cdma2000/W-LAN/WIMAX 3-in-1 WiMax/cdma2000/MIMO 3-in-1 GSM/GPRS/UMTS/WLAN/WIMAX 5-in-1 Products change every 18 months, but architectures never change in at least 20 years

Open Wireless Architecture (OWA) Interoperable Open Radio Access Technologies Provide Optimal Response to End User Needs GPRS EDGE WIMAX GSM Satellite PWLAN UMTS FDD (W-CDMA) UMTS TDD (TD-SCDMA) Best for Spectrum Management Access vs. Mobile Spectrum Sharing Spectrum Recycling Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)

Open Convergence – The Key for New Mobile Value Chain Content Value Chain Content creation Content management Content publishing/ provision Context establishment (Portal) Mobile Data Value Chain – Applications and Content are the Main Challenges and Opportunities in the New Mobile Data Value Chain Telecommunication Value Chain Middleware Applications Content New! Network Operation Equipment Terminal Service provision traditional Requirement assessment Application design Application prototyping Implemen- tation Application provision Application Value Chain Growth opportunities for OWA players appear with new applications and content business Open Convergence – The Key for New Mobile Value Chain Source: Siemens

OWA 4G Investment Hotspots 4G Venture Technologies Open Application & OS Platform Venture Technologies Open RF & Antenna Open Network Core Terminal Power Spectrum Management 4G OWA Radiation & Safety Security Module Control Access Control Open Signal Processing

Founder of OWA Mobile Phone Technology The future mobile phone can basically support any wireless standards by inserting different wireless interface SIM cards or multiple interfaces in one SIM card ---- referred to “LU Model” in the industry

For more 4G technical issues, visit: 9th WWC-4G Summit in San Jose, May 14-15 at: 4Gsummit.com or other 4G mobile events at: 4Gmobile.com