Review Question #1 Which heading best completes this partial outline? I. _________________________________ A. Rivalries between powerful countries over colonies B. Breakup of large empires C. Demand for self-determination by ethnic groups (1) Reasons For Communist Revolutions (2) Effects of Nationalism (3) Methods of Propaganda (4) Formation of Democratic Governments

Rise of fascism in Europe

Thursday January 31st Rise of Fascism in Europe Aim: Why and How did Fascism rise so fast in Europe? Do Now: In groups of three of four, create your own government. Follow the worksheet provided and answer the following questions.

Please consider the following questions: What type of government will it be? The name? What type of leader? Will there be one or many? How will you choose the leader? How will disputes (arguments) be handled? Will you have multiple parties allowed? (Example: Democrats VS Republicans) How are you making laws? Do you have a defense? Working together as class, you will create an organized government that you think well help end our economic issues as well as restore our national pride. Our country has lost faith in the democratic government due to our continuous struggle with our economic issues. You feel it is necessary to create a new form of government in order for the country to survive.

Life after the great depression After experiencing the Great Depression, millions of people lost faith in the democratic government Turned to an extreme system of government called fascism Fascist promised: -revive the economy -punish those responsible for hard times -restore order and national pride Why do you think people had turned so quick to another form of government? Life after the great depression

Fascism The new militant, political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader Has no clearly defined theory or program Preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to one’s country Believed that nations must struggle-peaceful states were doomed to be conquered Pledged loyalty to an authoritarian leader who guided and brought order to the state Authoritarian Leader: Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom

CHIEF EXAMPLES -Italy -Spain -Germany CHARACTERISTICS OF FASCISM CULTURAL -Censorship -Indoctrination -Secret Police SOCIAL -Supported by middle class, industrialists, and military CHIEF EXAMPLES -Italy -Spain -Germany BASIC PRINCIPALS -Authoritarianism -State more important than the individual -Charismatic Leader -Action oriented POLITICAL -Nationalism -Racist (Nazism) -One-party rule -Supreme leader ECONOMIC -Economic functions controlled by state corporations or state

Which political, cultural and economic characteristics helped make fascism an authoritarian system? 01 What characteristics of fascism might make it attractive to people during times of crisis such as the Great Depression? 02 Stop and reflect!! Looking at the chart in the previous slide, answer these questions…

Fascism travels to Italy Fueled by disappointment over the failure to win large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference Rising inflation and unemployment contributed Many Italians thought their democratic government seemed helpless to deal with the country’s problems

Benito Mussolini Promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces Founded the Fascist Party in 1919 As economic problems worsened, his popularity increased rapidly Played on the fear of a workers’ revolt, he began to win the support from the middle class and industrial leaders October 1922 Fascists marched on Rome to King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government He agrees thinking that Mussolini would be the best hope for his dynasty to survive

Abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties expect his own Secret Police also known as “Black Shirts” jailed and terrorized any of his opponents Government censors forced radio stations and publications to broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines Outlawed strikes Sought to control the economy by allying the Fascists with the industrialists and large landowners Mussolini the leader

October of 1935 invaded Ethiopia to expand his territory This was the beginning of a brutal campaign of colonial conquest  gas bombs being dropped This caused the League of Nations to impose sanctions  Ensured that the list did not include any such oil that could start a European war On May 9th 1936 at Piazza Venezia he expresses that ”in the 14th year of the Fascist era” that Italy has its empire Found a new ally in Germany- Adolf Hitler https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/player/dbeefc2f-2e16-4241-b2ce-53ef7ea501d7