The Nervous System: Integration and Control Components of the Nervous System Figure 11.1

Types of Neurons in the Nervous System Skin Receptor Dendrite Axon Muscle Sensory neuron Axon bulb Axon terminals Cell body Axon Impulse direction Motor neuron Axon hillock Dendrites Interneuron Cell body Dendrites Axon Cell body Brain and spinal cord Figure 11.2

Maintenance of the Resting Membrane Potential Figure 11.3

Resting Membrane Potential, Graded Potentials, and an Action Potential Figure 11.4

Myelinated Neuron Figure 11.7a

Summary of Synaptic Transmission Adv. Anatomy Chapter 11 Note Packet 2 Figure 11.8

Summary of Synaptic Transmission Figure 11.8

Transfer of Information from Neuron to Target Synaptic transmission Release of neurotransmitter: graded potential achieved Effects of neurotransmitter Excitatory: depolarize postsynaptic cell  shifts toward positive Inhibitory: hyperpolarize postsynaptic cell  more negative This would make it harder for threshold to be reached Role of postsynaptic neuron: integrate and process information Convergence Divergence vs.

Peripheral Nervous System Relays Information Between Tissues and CNS Nerves carry signals to and from CNS Cranial nerves 12 pairs Connect to the brain besthealth.com Carry actions potentials between the brain and muscles, glands, and receptors of the head, neck, and thoracic and abdominal cavities

Peripheral Nervous System Relays Information Between Tissues and CNS Spinal nerves 31 pairs Each spinal nerve attaches via a ventral root and dorsal root wdv.com 10

Reflex Arcs Figure 11.10

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Figure 11.12 (1 of 2)

Ventricles of the Brain and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Figure 11.13

The Brain HINDBRAIN Pons • Connects cerebellum, spinal cord with higher brain centers • Aids medulla in regulating respiration Medulla oblongata • Controls automatic functions of internal organs Cerebellum • Controls basic and skilled movements Figure 11.15

Brain: Major Divisions Midbrain Coordinates muscles related to vision and hearing MIDBRAIN • Relays visual and auditory inputs • Coordinates movement

The Brain FOREBRAIN Cerebrum • Coordinates language • Controls decision making • Produces conscious thought Corpus callosum • Bridges the two cerebral hemispheres Thalamus • Receives, processes and transfers information Figure 11.15

Limbic System Emotions Basic behavior Short term memory Fear, anger, sorrow, love, etc. Basic behavior Seeking food Sexual gratification Short term memory