Fluid Properties Chapter 16 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Fluid Properties Chapter 16 Section 2

What is a Fluid? Fluid: any matter that can flow Flow: movement of the matter The matter does not have a definite shape

Density Density is the mass in a given volume As an equation: ρ = m/V In fluids, less dense materials will float on more dense materials

Viscosity Viscosity: Resistance to flow High viscosity fluid does not want to flow much Due to the chemical nature of the fluid Temperature affects viscosity… how?

Buoyancy and Archimedes Pressure in fluids: Force exerted over a given area P = F/A The force acts on all surfaces The force is perpendicular to the surface In a fluid, pressure increases with depth The force is the weight of the fluid

Buoyancy and Archimedes Buoyancy: The upward force a fluid puts on an object in the fluid If the buoyant force equals or is greater than the object’s weight, the object floats

Buoyancy and Archimedes Archimedes discovered: An object placed into a fluid displaces the fluid If the weight of the displaced fluid is greater or equal to the weight of the object, the object floats If the weight of the displaced fluid is less than the weight of the object, the object sinks Density determines the weight of the fluid and the object!

Pascal’s Principle If a fluid is in a confined container: External pressure applied at one location is transmitted equally throughout the fluid We use this in: Hydraulics!

Math Skills Activity p 499 A hydraulic lift is used to lift a heavy machine that is pushing down on a 2.8 m2 piston with a force of 3700 N. What force needs to be applied to the 0.072 m2 piston to lift the machine? What we know: F1 = 3700 N A1 = 2.8 m2 F2 = ? A2 = 0.072 m2

Math Skills Activity p 499 Continued What equation? P1 = P2 Remember, P = F/A So F1/A1 = F2/A2 And F2 = (F1)(A2) A1 Put the numbers in! F2 = (3700 N)(0.072 m2) 2.8 m2

Math Skills Activity p 499 Continued Solve! F2 = (3700 N)(0.072 m2) = 95.143 N 2.8 m2 Check number and units!

Bernoulli’s Principle As the speed of fluid flow increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases We use this:

YouTube - Julius Sumner Miller - Physics - Bernoulli pt. 1

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