Urbanization
Urbanization Urbanization definition - Growth of cities Immigrants and rural Americans flock to cities for jobs Reaper / Steel Plow African-Americans migrated north
City Advantages Jobs Factories Service industries Open shops Work in offices (if educated) Connected by railroads Travel Ship goods easier Women Find work Teachers or secretaries Offered the ability to move up in class Work hard, make money Country, (always stay a farmer same class) Send kids to school Go see a show, shop, entertainment, churches, social clubs, museums
No zoning laws
Skyscrapers 17:23 mark
Elevator-Elijah Otis
Transportation Introduction of Mass Transit Definition – systems used to move large numbers of people
Mass Transportation
L&N Railroad Depot
Transportation Evansville early 1900s Street Car conductor strike Car jumps the tracks and wrecks
City Problems
What is going on in this picture? You know that kid is about to poke that horse with the stick. Its what little kids do. The poke things. These types of scenes were common: Dead horses in the street Horse maneure Trash in the street No running water People were dirty
Housing Tenements Definition – multifamily urban houses Very overcrowded and unsanitary
Why do you think its called a dumbbell? Multiple families live in these tenements. Multiple in each apartment. Many of them would share a common bathroom They would overflow
Jacob Riis Early form of photojournalism in 1890 Exposed tenement living conditions to middle and upper class Police officer who traveled around taking pictures of tenement living conditions in New York City
People living on top of each other Trash in the street
Kids playing in an alley
Alley where sewage is dumped Trash is thrown People stacked on top of eachother
Holes in the wall Primitive bed Infested with bugs and rats Look how dirty everything looks
Whole families had to live in one room Ceiling leaking
Living in shacks and huts
More shacks and huts
Whole family lives in one room How many people are in this picture Crammed into two beds
Water / Sanitation Poor water quality Allowed for the spread of cholera and typhoid fever Sewage flowed through open gutters Garbage dumped in streets People living in shotgun houses with no running water A few feet from each other Outhouses in the back so all of your waste just goes into a whole Sewage and garbage everywhere Animals roaming around Can you imagined how that smelled
Water / Sanitation How would you like to bathe in that
Evansville Waterworks Originally, water was pumped out of the river and into people’s homes with little or no purification. FEEL THAT!!
Chicago Fire Overcrowding, no zoning laws Building built on top of each other Fires start and spread very quickly Houses made out of wood Flammable shingles
3.3 miles burnt in two days Killed hundreds of people Strong winds push flames
Crime Dark streets were dangerous at night Professional Police Officers hired Chosen by city officials Created corruption Gas street lights Tension between urban groups Lots of people walking around at night Poorly lit streets Easy to commit crimes Robbery Violent crimes Combat this professional police force will be hired Not just volunteers At first chosen by city officials making them very corrupt Invention of gas street lights thwart crime
Old Jail – Built in 1891 Castle looking building downtown across from old courthouse Old jail Start of Evansville police
Evansville’s Finest