Carbon Capture and Sequestration VINAY KUMAR GM –PE/MECH NTPC

Motivation for the development ofCCS technology  Climate change Energy prole and o!tloo"  #!blic perception of CCS CCS technological overvie$ CCS challenge% and %ol!tion%                                                                                                                                                                                                          Overview Why Low Carbon Technology CCS Technology Overview CCS Issues Commercial Projects Summary & Road maps Ahead

Kyoto Protocol Country Target (1990- 2008/2012) EU-15, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Monaco, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland -8% US -7% Canada, Hungary, Japan, Poland -6% Croatia -5% New Zealand, Russian Federation, Ukraine

COP21 Option1: Below 2 deg C above Pre-Indiustrial Levels Option2: Well below 2 deg C above Pre-Industrial Levels(and to scale up global efforts to limit temp increase to below 1.5 deg C) Option3:Below 1.5 deg C above Pre-Industrial Levels To increase the ability of developing countries to adapt to the adverse impacts of Climate Change

How Green House Gases/CO2 affects

Contribution of Countries in Carbon Dioxide Emissions

CO2 concentration causing global temperature increase

Actions in India Current voluntary pledge by India: -20-25% reduction in Emission intensity of GDP by 2020 compared to 2005 levels Goal: To Reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP By 33 - 35% by 2030 from 2005 level. Our nation has started: Thrust on Renewable Energy and Promotion of Clean Energy; Enhancing Energy Efficiency, Climate Resilient Urban Centers, Sustainable Green transportation Network, Cleaning of rivers,etc Ambitious target for renewable & electricity to all: 175 GW Renewable energy target by 2022 100 GW of Solar, 60 GW of Wind, 10 GW of biomass and 5 GW of small hydel Emphasis on: Sustainable Development by invoking strict environmental norms at par developed countries

Emission Mitigation Potential

Overview of CCS Technology

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)

Carbon Capture Options Post-Combustion Clean gas CO2 Flue gas ABS STRP HX Recirculating (amine) solvent Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/

Absorption / Stripping Technical Diagram Clean gas CO2 Flue gas ABS 40°C STRP 120°C HX ENERGY Recirculating (amine) solvent

Carbon Capture Options Oxy-Fuel Process Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/

Carbon Capture Options Pre-Combustion Source: http://www.co2crc.com.au/

Carbon Sequestration Big picture – Storage in oil reservoirs (depleted and EOR), natural formations, ocean storage Will it leak? Not likely – models suggest 99% containment Existing reservoir data can be used to estimate storage potential and address (water) concerns No groundwater contamination

CO2 Capture Issues

Representative Values of Current Power Plant Efficiencies & CCS Energy Penalties

Commercial Plants/CCS Projects

CO2 turned into stone in Iceland in climate change breakthrough

Summary and Road Maps

Strategy for Coal fired Power Plants Adoption of ultra Super critical technologies Integrated gasification Combined Cycle Plants Focus on use of Bio-Mass Energy as co firing Focus on use of fuel from Waste as co firing Identification & Adoption of projects for development Ammonia based CO2 capture system aiming CO2 /SOx/Nox free power plant integral with fertilizer plant Increasing use of Solar Thermal ,Integral Renewable Power with coal fired units by available space and roofs.