& Rhetorical Strategies By Natasha Olivera Presentations & Rhetorical Strategies By Natasha Olivera

Purpose: Inform, Persuade, Call to Action, or Ethos: Writer, Speaker Credibility, Authority, Correctness, Appearance, Eloquence Purpose: Inform, Persuade, Call to Action, or All 3 Logos: The Message Information, Argument, Reasons, Evidence, Data Pathos: Audience Emotions, Beliefs, Values, Experience

Organization/Structure Introduction Body Conclusion

Introduction Connect with the audience Grab the audience’s attention Smile Introductions Issue Grab the audience’s attention Quote Anecdote Personal Experience Startling Statistic

Introduction Engage the audience Background Information Ask questions Play game Background Information Provide the audience with sufficient background information on the topic/issue including pertinent historical information. What is the problem? Why is it a problem? Who is it a problem for? How are others successfully solving the problem?

The Body Comprised of the proposed solution Meant to inform and teach Appeal to reason (logos) by providing factual, accurate and relevant data, research, statistics. Use cited quotes and other evidence as support and to build ethos.

The Body; Proposal Explain your proposed solution. How much it would cost. Who would bear the costs. Why it should be enacted. How it will solve the problem.

Conclusion Justify your proposal Persuade your audience that this issue matters What makes your proposal better than others already in place. Address possible objections and opposing views

Conclusion; Call to Action Call your audience to action Tell them what they should do Tell them how to do it Remind them why they should do it Issue a challenge

Delivery Know what you are talking about. Demonstrate Knowledge. Don’t rely on note cards or ppt. Speak accurately and eloquently. Dress the Part. Establish Ethos

Delivery (cont.) Make eye contact with audience Smile Watch body posture Use hand gestures Voice intonation Don’t hide Speak clearly and audibly Ensure smooth transitions between speakers Be prepared to answer questions at the end

Media; Powerpoint

Media Powerpoint Presentations Meant to Enhance, Inform & Delight Should not drive the presentation Serves as a guide Should not be text heavy Have someone else flip the slides for you Don’t stare at screen to read and turn back to audience

Media (cont.) Movies (self made or YouTube): Be sure to show at appropriate time during presentation. Beginning for background info. Body for introducing proposal Conclusion to call audience to action Should not be longer than 7 minutes Should be introduced to audience and explained thereafter (avoid hit & run) If self made be sure to provide teacher with hard copy dvd or YouTube link.

Media (cont.) Websites: Should be shown at the end of the presentation in conjunction with call to action. Should be engaging, creative, appealing to the eye. Should include, description of problem, proposed solution, and justification. Do not take too much time showing the audience the website

Media (cont.) Brochures &/or Flyers Determine the right time to hand out. Should not distract audience from presentation When distributed should be introduced and explained. Should not be used to read from during the presentation.

The End