Services to support the update of the EMEP EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook, in particular on methodologies for black carbon emissions

Introduction The EU is presently reviewing its air pollution policy That review will include reviews of the 2005 Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution, the Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC and the National Emission Ceilings Directive 2001/81/EC (NEC D), which are to be completed by 2013 The setting of new environmental objectives and emission reduction targets in a revised strategy and associated instruments requires robust emission inventories

Background on Guidebook The joint EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook (the “GB”) is the central reference manual used to support countries in estimating emissions under the NECD and the UNECE Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) Convention The NECD provides direct reference to the EMEP/EEA GB in its annex III and it hence relies on the GB to provide methodologies for accurate and complete emission inventories in compliance checking

Updating the Guidebook: The GB requires periodic updates to: i) ensure that up to date knowledge and understanding of emissions is available; and ii) incorporate recent inventory methodologies (as these may influence the assessment of policy efficiency and setting of new objectives)

Process of updating the GB The process of updating is lead and managed by the TFEIP The leaders of the TFEIP expert panels have the overall responsibility for maintaining and developing the chapters within their respective remits The project will have to be completed in close cooperation with the Task Force on Emission Inventories and projections (TFEIP), EEA and DG Environment

Objective of the study To update specific chapters of the Guidebook For the specific tasks defined this will be done by: Literature review to establish options for updating specific chapters Discussion of options/proposals at the TFEIP/EIONET meeting (May 14-16, 2012) Implementation of the selected options and preparation of draft chapters for subsequent review by the TFEIP Finalising draft chapters based on comments Inclusion of changed/new emission factors in the Guidebook’s emission factor database (EFDB)

Tasks to achieve the objectives 1 Review and addition of black carbon methodologies, EFs and reference material 2 Review of consistency between EFs for: PM (all size fractions), HMs, POPs and BC 3 Updates to domestic and other solvent use 4 Updates to small combustion sources 5 Updates to PM fugitive emissions 6 Review and addition of NMVOC emissions from manure management systems 7 Review and addition of ammonia emissions from fertilisers Task1: Goal: To incorporate emission factors of black carbon (BC) in the GB for all relevant sources Aspects: i) Undertaking of a full literature study; ii) Evaluation as to what extent the BC emission factors if derived from measurements in the United States are applicable for the conditions in Europe; iii) Achieving a clear definition of BC in relation to other related definitions; iv) Evaluation of the consistency of the emissions factors derived using different measurement techniques Task 2: Goal: To identify inconsistencies of EFs and to propose changes to improve the consistency within the GB Aspects: i) Different references for EFs for different pollutants for the same fuel and source category sometimes create inconsistencies; ii) Undertaking a review across all sectors to identify inconsistencies; iii) Elaboration of proposals to improve the consistency within the GB Task 3: Goal: Elaboration of an improved methodology for domestic and other solvent use Aspects: i) Description of a more accurate, reliable and simple method compared to the existing GB methodology, based on the Norwegian method where statistics are available for all products; ii) Assessment of the availability of necessary data in the implementation of the method Task 4: Goal: i) Proposal for updating emission factors and for including different technologies, as applicable; and ii) Improved description of methodology on allocation of fuel consumption to different technologies Aspects: i) Evaluation of new wood combustion technologies; ii) Evaluation of whether the technology descriptions in the GB matches the current level of detail in the provided emission factors; iii) Evaluation of whether it is necessary with default emission factors for more technologies; iv) A full literature study including the available information both in scientific journals but also knowledge published in scientific reports; v) The impact of measurement methods (e.g. dilution tunnel vs. in-stack) on the resulting emission factors; vi) Evaluation of approaches to reduce the uncertainty of the activity data, e.g. by using alternative methods such as surveys and/or models based on heat demand. Task 5 Goal: To develop methodologies and Tier 1 and Tier 2 EFs to the extent that data are available Aspects: i) A number of NFR sectors handle PM fugitive emissions. The sectors will be described in detail in order to facilitate and improve the data collection; ii) A literature study will be carried out including the available information both in scientific journals and in scientific reports; iii) The resource flows in the different sectors will be described based on information from Eurostat combined with national statistics; iv) Relevant research centres will be contacted to include their knowledge; v) Relevant industrial associations will be contacted in order to compile relevant information from the industry; vi) Relevant countries will be contacted in order to include their national experiences in developing of a common methodology Task 6 Goal: To develop tier 1 and 2 EFs Aspects: i) Analysis of the impact of manure management system on the NMVOC emission; ii) Development of Tier 1 EFs taking into account new literature data especially from the US where a large emission study has been undertaken on 25 sites with different animal types from 2007 – 2009; iii) Development of a Tier 2 methodology based on the available knowledge; iv) Contact with research colleagues in the US to discuss the applicability of transferring their data to European conditions taking into account differences in housing and manure management technologies; v) Investigation on whether the CH4 model for manure management in the IPCC 2006 Guidelines can act as a framework for the Tier 2 methodology Task 7 Goal: Update the existing methodology and update the default emission factors to take account of recent measurements Aspects: i) A literature study will be carried out including the available information both in scientific journals and in scientific reports; ii) Development of a weighed conservative ammonia emission factor based on the consumption different fertiliser types in different climatic zones and soil types in Europe; iii) Updating of the current tier 2 methodology with the current list of sold nitrogen fertiliser types in Europe

Deliverables (1) Task 1: Proposals for tier 1 and tier 2 emission factors for all sources of BC emission; Updated GB chapters incorporating the BC emission factors following TFEIP review. Task 2: Identification of inconsistencies in the GB; Elaboration of proposals to correct inconsistencies within and across source categories; Updated GB chapters following TFEIP review.

Deliverables (2) Task 3: Elaboration of an improved methodology for domestic and other solvent use; Updated GB chapters following TFEIP review; Task 4: Proposal for updating emission factors, as applicable; Proposal for including different technologies, as applicable; Improved description of methodology on allocation of fuel consumption to different technologies.

Deliverables (3) Elaboration/update tier 1 and 2* methodology and emission factors for: fugitive emissions (task 5); emissions from manure management systems (task 6) Ammonia emissions from fertilisers (task 7) Updated relevant GB chapters following TFEIP review * where possible

Time schedule The work on the tasks in the project will be carried out concurrently Deliverable/meeting Time schedule Start of assignment 15 Dec 2011 Draft inception report 15 Jan 2012 Kick-off meeting at EEA premises Late Jan 2012 Final inception report with work plan Mid Feb 2012 Preparation of discussion papers for all selected chapters - Options for the update of selected Guidebook chapters 1 April 2012 Presentation of options/proposals for the selected Guidebook chapters at the TFEIP/EIONET meeting 14-16 May 2012 Delivery of draft updated chapters (meeting) 1 Sept 2012 Reception of TFEIP review comments 15 Oct 2012 Delivery of final updated chapters following TFEIP review comments 15 Nov 2012 Delivery of an updated EFDB. Close of contract 15 Dec 2012

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