HIV/AIDS: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviour 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

HIV Knowledge HIV-related Attitudes HIV-related Behaviour HIV Testing HIV and Youth

Awareness of AIDS 98% of women and 99% of men have heard of AIDS

Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods Percent who know HIV can be prevented by:

Knowledge of HIV Prevention by Education Percent who know that HIV can be prevented by using condoms AND limiting sex to one HIV-negative partner

Knowledge of HIV Prevention by Region: Women Percent of women who know that HIV can be prevented by using condoms AND limiting sex to one HIV-negative partner Ghana: 69% Northern 54% Volta 76% Ashanti 68% Brong Ahafo 71% Western 65% Eastern 69% Upper West 55% Central 80% Upper East 66% Greater Accra 71%

Understanding Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Percent who know that:

HIV Knowledge HIV-related Attitudes HIV-related Behaviour HIV Testing HIV and Youth

Beliefs About HIV & AIDS Percent of women and men age who say that: *Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner can reduce the chances of getting HIV, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission.

Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV Percent of women and men age with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS* *Comprehensive knowledge means knowing that using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner can reduce the chances of getting HIV, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission.

Accepting Attitudes Towards Those Living With HIV Among women and men age who have heard of HIV/AIDS, percentage expressing specific attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS

Attitudes Towards Negotiating Safer Sex with Husband Percent of women and men who believe that, if a husband has a sexually transmitted infection, his wife is justified in:

HIV Knowledge HIV-related Attitudes HIV-related Behaviour HIV Testing HIV and Youth

Multiple Sexual Partners Among those who had sex in the year before the survey: – 2% of women and 17% of men had 2 or more sexual partners Over the course of their lifetimes: – Women had an average of 2.0 sexual partners – Men had an average of 5.3 sexual partners

Higher-Risk Sex and Condom Use Percent of women and men 15-49

HIV Knowledge HIV-related Attitudes HIV-related Behaviour HIV Testing HIV and Youth

70% of women and 75% of men know where to get an HIV test.

Prior HIV Testing (ever) Percent of women and men 15-49

HIV Testing Among women, testing is most common in the Central, Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Brong Ahafo regions Among men, testing is most common in the Greater Accra and Upper East regions. Overall, testing is slightly higher in urban areas and increases with wealth and education.

HIV Knowledge HIV-related Attitudes HIV-related Behaviour HIV Testing HIV and Youth

Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV among People Percent of women and men age with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS* *Comprehensive knowledge includes knowing that HIV can be prevented by using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner, knowing that a healthy looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about HIV prevention and transmission.

Age at First Sex and Condom Use 44% of women had sex before age 18 28% of men had sex before age 18 25% of women and 32% of men used a condom at first sex

Premarital Sex and Condom Use Among never-married people 15-24, percentage

Recent HIV Tests among People Percent of women and men who have had sex in the past year and who received an HIV test in the past year

Key Findings 69% of women and 77% of men know that the risk of getting HIV can be reduced by using condoms and limiting sex to one uninfected partner. 23% of women and 42% of men have had higher-risk sex. Among these, 25% of women and 45% of men used a condom at last higher-risk sexual intercourse. 17% of women and 12% of men have ever been tested for HIV and received the results. 28% of women and 34% of men age have comprehensive HIV knowledge.