“The Sick Man of Europe” Ottoman Empire- 1914 “The Sick Man of Europe”

Ottoman “Jihad”

British Empire 1914

Sharif Husayn bin Ali (Hashemites) Claimed to be a direct descendent of Muhammad which gave him the ability to act as sharif, emir, of Mecca. As a descendent of Muhammad, his clan acted as a kind of “nobility.” He was Arab (not Turkish). Britain sought a counterweight to the Sultan’s call to jihad. He called for Britain’s promise to “abstain from internal intervention in Arabia.” What exactly did he mean by “Arabia” and intervention?” Pan-Islamist: Muslim unity under one Islamic state (caliphate).

Ibn Saud Sharif Hussayn wanted to also mount a campaign against his Arab rival in the Arabian Peninsula, Ibn Saud. The Suad Family represented a Wahhabist tribe.

Al-Fatat Secret Society founded in Syria with the goal of Arab independence from the Ottoman Empire. Pan-Arabist: an Arab nationalist ideology promoting the unification of the Arab world with the belief that the Arabs represent a nation.

Sir Henry McMahon Britain’s High Commissioner in Egypt. Tried to balance Britain’s many desires in the region: many feared an Pan-Arab State; secure British control of the Suez Canal; secure British ports in Arabian Peninsula; weaken the Ottomans internally. Worked closely with Sharif Husayn to create an internal revolt from within the Ottoman Empire.

Amir Faysal Sharif Husayn’s son and best general. Secretly joined Al-Fatat in order to help secure his father’s position in the new Pan-Arab state.

Hussein-McMahon Correspondences “The districts of Mersina and Alexandretta and portions of Syria lying to the west of Damascus, Hama, Homs, and Aleppo cannot be said to be purely Arab and should be excluded from the proposed limits and boundaries. With the above modification, and without prejudice of existing treaties with Arab Chiefs, we accept those limits and boundaries and, in regard, to those portions of the territories therein in which Great Britain is free to act without detriment to the interests of her Ally France, I am empowered… to give the following assurances.” - Sir Henry McMahon

The Damascus Protocol- Arab Caliphate

What is in question?

ARAB REVOLT

T. E. Lawrence British soldier who acted as a liaison between the British government and Sharif Husayn and Amir Faysal. He fought alongside the Arab infantry during the Revolt. He is best remembered in the epic film, “Lawrence of Arabia.”

Greater Syria

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Balfour Declaration

Mandates

Iraq’s Ethnic and Religious Groups

Syria’s Religious Breakup Lebanon- Religious Breakup

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1244627 Beginning to 19:12

Conflict? What are the conflicts at work in the Middle East during this time? What were the forces behind these conflicts? Consider the goals of all the players during this time period. Consider the identities of those in the different conflicts of this time period.

Assignment: Using historical data and evidence, support the following thesis: After WWI, the Middle East was recreated to fit the French and British imperialist needs without any regards for the self-autonomous aspirations of the Arab and local populations in the region. At least 2 topic sentences (But a topic sentence for each new idea) 10 pieces of evidence (material from sources) with 10 pieces of analysis (explanation for why that evidence supports your thesis and topic sentences). must use two outside sources and cite Complete Sentences Required for analysis. 40 points

Thesis I. Topic Sentence (how does this sentence support the thesis?) A. Evidence: Analysis (how does that piece of information pertain/support the topic sentence?) B. Evidence: Analysis II. Topic Sentence A. Evidence: Analysis