Opening Thoughts Are cultural traditions (the way you act, what you wear, how your country runs etc.) worth keeping if it means you may be taken over by another country? Would you give up your cultural traditions to keep your independence?

Imperialism in China and Japan Ch. 12 Sections 1 and 2 You will write what is in RED

China and the West Lots of mining Great agricultural economy to feed huge population Produce silks, cotton, tea, and porcelain. No need for Western goods

Tea-Opium Connection Europe needs to find something China will buy. British merchants smuggle opium in to China. By 1835 12 million Chinese addicted to the drug.

War Breaks Out Chinese emperor writes angry letter to England’s Queen Victoria in 1839 Wants the end of selling opium. He is ignored. 1839 war breaks out. Called the Opium War. British gunboats destroy Chinese fleet.

Treaty of Nanjing Sign Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 ending war. China gives Britain the island of Hong Kong. Another treaty in 1844 gives the US and other countries extraterritorial rights in several Chinese ports. Extraterritorial rights = foreigners do not need to follow Chinese laws.

Growing Internal Problems Population explodes to over 430 million in china in 1850. Food supply barely increases. Mass starvation. Chinese rebel against the Qing Dynasty.

Taiping Rebellion Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to create a kingdom where there would be no poverty. Movement called the Taiping Rebellion. 1850 he has an army of 1 million. Take over the China in 1853. Leaders feud among themselves. 1864 Taiping government collapses. 20 million dead and twice that are rebelling.

Foreign Influence Grows China resists change. Wants to keep traditional ways. Dowager Empress did let China start to industrialize. Foreign countries take control of more and more of China.

Open Door Policy US is afraid others will divide China into colonies and end their profitable trade. Declare Open Door Policy Says China will be open to all nations to trade. Other Countries agree.

Boxer Rebellion Some Chinese resent privileges of foreigners. Form group called the Boxers. Rebel against the Dowager Empress in 1900. Called Boxer Rebellion. Europeans send troops to help Empress and Boxers are destroyed. Chinese people increase sense of nationalism in China. People feel the government should pay more attention to their needs.

Japan Ends Isolation Japan has almost no contact with outside world. 1853 US sends gun ship to ask that Japan start trade. Message says they will return with large fleet in 1 year for an answer. 1854 Japan opens doors to US with Treaty of Kanagawa. Two ports open to foreign trade. Trade with other nations soon follows.

Meiji Reform and Modernization Japanese angry Shogun gave in to foreigners. Feelings of nationalism. Shogun resigns in 1867. Mutsuhito takes power and the name Meiji. Rules 45 years. Known as the Meiji era.

Meiji Era Meiji realizes the need to modernize the country to keep control of Japan. Sends diplomats to study the west. Students go to study in Europe. Starts schools like in US. Everyone must go. By early 1900’s Japan has modern economy. Developing modern industries like shipbuilding makes Japan competitive with the west.

Imperial Japan By 1890 Japan has modern warships and 500,000 well trained troops. Strongest power in Asia. Japan convinces Outsiders they will be treated fairly in Japan since they have modern laws so they eliminate extraterritorial rights in Japan. Japan looks to become an imperial power.

Japan Attacks China 1876 Japan attacks Korea. Opens 3 ports to Japanese trade. 1885 China and Japan agree not to send troops into Korea. June 1894 China sends troops to stop rebellion in Korea. Japan sends troops to attack China! Chinese navy destroyed and driven out of Korea. Peace treaty gives Japan its first colonies, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands.

Russo-Japanese War Russia and Japan compete for power in the east. Go to war over Manchuria. 1903 Japan offers to let Russia have Manchuria if they stay out of Korea. Russia refuses. Feb. 1904 Japan surprise attacks Russian ships starting Russo-Japanese War. Most of Russian fleet is destroyed and they are chased out of Korea. US President Theodore Roosevelt helps them sign the Treaty of Portsmouth ending the war. Forces Russia out of Manchuria and Korea.