Brief Response How did the beliefs of the ancient Israelites influence Western views social organization and the rule of law? Discussion: sample Suggested response:

Brief Response The Israelites belief in one god promoted the notion that there is one law or one morality. they established a lasting moral code. The Seven Universal Laws applied to all people, not just Jews. a court system. Jews thought that leaders were human (not gods) and were bound to obey the law as any ordinary citizen had to--the rule of law.

p. 33 The Rise of Christianity 0 CE to c. 1500 CE

Lecture/Discussion Material from your reading

Why Early Christianity? Western Civilization gets many of its ideas for government from the “Judeo-Christian” tradition. Christian qualities (4) Equality Fairness Justice Love (brotherhood, support, sharing, cooperation); peaceful tolerance and coexistence.

Reaffirming Faith Jesus A Jew whose teachings became the basis for Christianity. Jesus (Y’Shua - Hebrew, Iesu - Latin): Y’Shua lived under Roman domination of Judea. under Augustus Caesar

Reaffirming Faith Jesus’ ideas were based on his Jewish religion, Their god Ten Commandments and laws of the Torah Teachings of the Jewish prophets Equality Justice Morality

A Redirection in Faith Jesus’ ideas were also different from Judaism (14) He was ‘son’ of the Jewish god People believed he was the “Messiah” He claimed his purpose was spiritual salvation for all Eternal life to anyone who believed in him Taught of their god’s love Service to others Forgiveness love your enemies. “If anyone hits you on one cheek, let him hit the other one, too” “love your neighbor as yourself”

Christianity forms An apostle. Any of the first 12 followers of Y’Shua (Jesus) sent forth to teach his ideas.

Spot work This image from a Christian text book shows Jesus modeling what Judeo-Christian principle? (hint: what kind of act is he doing to all his disciples? How does it make him look to others?) He is modeling equality. By doing the lowest form of work, he is showing that the followers are just as important as the leaders. The Catholic pope washes the feet (and kisses them) of people on Holy Thursday each year.

Christianity forms Paul: The apostle most responsible for the formation of the Christian Church. Paul realized that Jesus’ message was not having an effect on most Jews. He decided to teach non-Jews (gentiles) Paul’s ideas and teachings also become the basis for the Christian religion.

Christianity forms Paul’s teachings included: (2) Jesus died out of love for humankind Those who believed in Jesus as son of God would have spiritual salvation and have eternal life in Heaven. Tolerance: Belief that people should accept the differences of others and not be prejudiced.

Christianity spreads What made Christianity attractive? Romans began to respect Christians for their willingness to die for their beliefs…. Many respected the Judeo-Christian ethics system. Christianity respected the weak, sick, poor, and oppressed The idea of love (happiness of cooperating, sharing, and supporting each other, even strangers)

Evolution of the Church Women had a strong role initially Teachers Administrators

Church Organization Evolves Clergy: any person authorized to perform religious ceremonies and rites Laws made by clergy are called secular or clerical?

Eclectic Christianity Use the clue to find the name. An open-minded Christian philosopher, who believed reason (secular thought) and faith (religious thought) were both foundations in belief in their god, was…. Thomas Aquinas His essays convinced similar-thinking people to accept new knowledge as part of Heaven’s plan.

Christian Diversity Today Christianity was one basic church for about 1000 years. There was a split between the eastern and western church in 1054 CE. Orthodox Church (Greece, Russia) Roman Catholic Church (Italy, Western Europe The Catholic Church experienced a split around 1520. Roman Catholic Church Various Protestant Christian Churches.

A Western System Because so many billions of people on Earth practice or know of the beliefs of the Jewish and Christian faiths, the shared heritage and beliefs are called the Judeo-Christian Tradition

Homework and Notes

Text: p. 35, Standards check Question They were central to his teachings God’s love was to be shared between people “love your neighbor as yourself” Love for your enemy.

p. 35, Map Skills, 2. A. Russia, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Scotland, part of England B. Spain, Sardinia, Sicily 3. It uses 476 CE as the base date and 1050 as the date to measure how far Christianity and Islam had spread. 1. Christianity spread east and north from the territory of the former Roman Empire. Christian monasteries were established in many parts of Europe.

Text, p. 37, Standards Check: Question Jesus’ message had broad appeal Jewish roots attracted some Jews Ethical principles attracted people Equality Fairness (justice) Paul used missionaries Paul incorporated Greek ideas into the religion Attracted educated Romans

p. 37, Jesus and his disciples Question: The figure in the middle with an outstretched arm, because Jesus would have been depicted as a teacher and leader.

Text, p. 39, Standards Check Question Church officials…. Owned large tracts of land (land = political power in the Middle Ages) Held power in the national government The Church controlled people’s spiritual lives. Religious matters (blasphemy (speaking), heresy (believing)) Laws based on religion (clerical) Courts and punishments

Text, p. 39, Standards Check: Question The Bible The Torah (Old Testament) New Testament

Thoughtful Review …for the administration of justice…is the principle of order in political society. --Aristotle, Politics From Aristotle’s statement above, it can be inferred that… Monarchs protect citizens from tyranny. Only elected officials should impose laws. Laws maintain the stability of a nation. Majority rule ensure a stable government

Brief Response Some historians think that Paul was as important as Jesus of Nazareth in establishing Christianity. What evidence might those historians cite to prove their theory?