Everything is an Argument: The Synthesis Question

What does synthesis mean What does synthesis mean? What are some examples of things we synthesize?

Definition: The combination of ideas to form a series or system

In the context of AP Lang, synthesis means to create a persuasive argument by combining evidence from different sources

A successful synthesis response requires students to 1. deconstruct the prompt 2. consider the issue thoughtfully in order to generate an original position. 3. “converse” with the sources in order to synthesize them in development of that original position.

Let’s look at the prompt Let’s look at the prompt. Please read and annotate the “Directions” for what you will have to do, as well as what you must avoid.

Now, read the “Introduction Now, read the “Introduction.” Annotate for important background information.

Finally, read the “Assignment Finally, read the “Assignment.” Annotate for exactly what you must write.

Topic + position + reason = outcome Before you read the documents, write down your argument below the assignment. Topic + position + reason = outcome

Let’s hear some examples.

The Sources: You will need to look at the sources in two ways.

First, evaluate how reliable each source is First, evaluate how reliable each source is. There will be no “false” sources, but some may seem more persuasive than others. Look at the source information in the box at the top of each page and annotate for currency, reliability and possible bias.

Let’s hear some ideas. What appear to be the most professional and unbiased sources?

Second, evaluate which sources can be used to support your argument, and which source(s) can be used in your rebuttal.

The College Board uses the term “enter into conversation” with the sources. As you skim the sources, consider What is the point of view of the speaker? Do I agree with the speaker? Why or why not?

Take some time to skim each source Take some time to skim each source. On the source, mark if it can be used to support your argument, or if it can be used in your rebuttal. Once you decide that a source will not be useful, stop reading it, and move on.

As you read the sources that you are using, underline quotes that you may use in your essay. Therefore, when you are finished reading, your sources will be marked for purpose (support or rebuttal) and important quotes.

Now, share your evaluations of the sources with a neighbor Now, share your evaluations of the sources with a neighbor. Did your neighbor interpret anything differently from the way you did? Are all of your evaluations valid?

Using your argument statement and your annotation, write a quick plan for your essay. (No, we are not writing this essay today.)

Grab a sheet of paper. Your plan should start with your thesis statement.

Support Paragraphs: For each support paragraph, use quotes from at least 2 different sources.

Rebuttal Paragraph: You can use one source for this section.

The key is to avoid organizing your essay by source. (i. e The key is to avoid organizing your essay by source. (i.e. “Source A says…”)

Instead, organize your argument, and fill in the sources that support it. Cite your sources like this: Campbell (Source A)

Now, share your plan with a group of 3 or 4.