Biology Notes Cell Energy Part 4 Pages 113-124

Standards ____ Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration ____ Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration ____ Discuss the role of anaerobic respiration in living things and in human society 4.5 4.6 4.8

Essential Question: 1. How is energy acquired and used by organisms?

I. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration = the process that releases _______ to make _______by breaking down ________ and other food molecules when __________ is present EQUATION: energy ATP glucose oxygen

In other words, we _______ in order to get the energy out of ________ and use or store it in our bodies The outcome of this reaction results in ______ and ____ leaving our bodies breathe glucose CO2 water

II. Mitochondria plants Mitochondria = organelles found in both ______ and ________ which convert chemical energy found in food to _____ more convenient for the cell to use STRUCTURE: Inner Membrane Outer Membrane Christae = the inner _____of the mitochondria animals ATP *The mitochondria does aerobic cellular respiration* folds

DIAGRAM: mitochondrion animal cell

The more mitochondria in a cell, the more energy that cell ________ What types of cells in the body would require more energy than normal?   Would these cells require more mitochondria than normal? receives * muscle cells * YES!!!

III. Glycolysis & Cellular Respiration STEP 1: Glycolysis Glycolysis = process in which __ molecule of ________ is broken in half to make _______ acid and release _______ glycolysis is __________ meaning it does NOT need _______ glyco = sweet lysis = to break 1 pyruvic glucose energy anaerobic oxygen

glycolysis is not considered part of _________ respiration but MUST take place in order for cell respiration to occur occurs in the __________ of cells NAD+ = electron _______ that collects energy rich ___ and ___ to form ______ cellular cytoplasm carrier e- H+ NADH

1. ___ ATP broken down for energy. The energy is used to ______ glucose. 2. ____ and ____ which contain energy are removed from ________. 3. At the end, there are 2 _______ acids.   NET = ___ ATP and __ NADH 2 break e- H+ glucose (forms PGAL) pyruvic 2 2 + 2 ATP

STEP 2: Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration = the steps in cellular ___________ that use _______ to obtain _______ occurs in the ____________ of cells A. PART 1 of Aerobic Respiration = The Kreb’s Cycle Kreb’s Cycle = the second step in _______ respiration in which _______ acid is broken down to form _____ respiration oxygen energy mitochondria cellular pyruvic CO2

also known as the ______ acid cycle FAD+ = electron _______ that collects energy rich ___ and ___ to form _______ citric carrier e- H+ FADH2

PART 2 of Aerobic Respiration = The Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain = the final step in ________ respiration in which high-energy ________________________ from glycolysis and the ________ cycle are used to convert ______ to ATP occurs in the ________ of the mitochondria cellular carriers (NADH + FADH2) Kreb’s ADP christae

1. NADH and ________ bring energy rich __ and ___ into the ________ 2. The ___ and ___ travel from protein to protein inside the christae. 3. The ____ gather all the energy and get caught by _____ to change into _____. 4. The empty ___ then attach the empty ___ to ___ to form _____. FADH2 e- H+ christae e- H+ H+ ADP ATP H+ e- O2 H2O

TOTAL ATP FROM CELLULAR RESPIRATION = ________ is the final electron __________ NET = ____ ATP oxygen acceptor 32 TOTAL ATP FROM CELLULAR RESPIRATION = 32-38 ATP

IV. Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration = cellular respiration that provides the body with energy from _________ without the use of ________ in anaerobic respiration, __________ is still the ____ step. ____________ is the ____ step Fermentation = release of energy from _____ without the presence of _______ by allowing ___________ to continue working glucose oxygen glycolysis 1st fermentation 2nd food oxygen glycolysis

2 TYPES OF FERMENTATION: 1. Alcoholic Fermentation = type of fermentation used by ______ cells to get energy EQUATION:   why _____ used to make ______ yeast Glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + 2 NADH + 2 ATP → alcohol (ethanol) + CO2 + NAD+ bread yeast

2. Lactic Acid Fermentation = type of fermentation performed by _______ cells which turn ________ into ______ acid EQUATION: used only when the body does not have enough _______ the lactic acid builds up in the ________ until it is taken to the _____ to be converted back to _______ acid animal glucose lactic Glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + NADPH + 2ATP → lactic acid + NAD+ oxygen muscles liver pyruvic