Vocabulary Terms Pages 292-313 Land cover Zoning Land use Urban growth boundary Urban Smart growth Rural Ecological restoration Urbanization Infrastructure Heat island effect Sprawl Geographic Information System (GIS)

Urbanization 10 CHAPTER Placeholder opening page, but maybe we can duplicate the look of the SE chapter opener page by using the same fonts and colors (and maybe that Ch 14 icon?)

Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization For the first time in history, there are now more urban residents than rural residents.

Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization Land Cover and Land Use Land cover: Vegetation and structures that cover land. Land use: Human activities that occur on land Humans change land cover, especially in urban areas. These changes have environmental and economic effects.

Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization Urban and Rural Areas Rural: Any other type of land use or land cover (includes forests, cropland, etc.) Urban: Land mostly covered with buildings and roads (includes suburbs)

Urbanization Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization Urbanization Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities Cities are not new, but the enormous size of today’s cities is. More than 20 cities have at least 10 million residents.

Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization The Rise of Cities • Factors that contribute to the rise of urbanization include population growth and industrialization. Most cities are located near a transportation route such as a large body of water, railroad, or highway. Image - http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolynconner/4264882098/ (Creative Commons licensed) Geyser info source - National Park Service: http://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/noldfaith.htm Chicago’s location on Lake Michigan helped it grow into a large and prosperous city. Did You Know? Since 1950, the world’s urban population has more than quadrupled. According to U.N. projections, it will double again by 2050.

Environmental Costs of Urbanization Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization Environmental Costs of Urbanization Pollution: Increased waste, industrial byproducts, noise pollution, light pollution Heat islands: Cities, several degrees warmer than surrounding areas, affect local weather and trap pollutants. Imported resources: Fossil fuels are burned to import food, water, fuel, and raw materials.

Environmental Benefits of Urbanization Lesson 10.1 Land Use and Urbanization Environmental Benefits of Urbanization Efficiency: Less fuel and resources needed to distribute goods and services to residents Universities and research centers: Urban areas tend to foster education and innovation. Land Preservation: Dense urban centers leave room for agriculture, wilderness, biodiversity, and privacy.

Lesson 10.2 Sprawl In 1950, 65% of the U.S. population lived in urban (including suburban) areas, while 35% lived rurally. In 2010, 89% was urban and only 11% rural. Los Angeles, CA, is one the most sprawling U.S. cities.

Lesson 10.2 Sprawl What Is Sprawl? The spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from a dense urban core Often, growth of suburban areas outpaces population growth because suburbs allow more space per person than cities. Las Vegas, Nevada Left: 1972; Right: 2002

Impacts of Sprawl Transportation: Little to no public transportation Lesson 10.2 Sprawl Impacts of Sprawl Transportation: Little to no public transportation Pollution: Increased driving leads to pollution. Public health: May promote inactivity, and by extension obesity and high blood pressure Land Use: Less land left as open space, forests, and farms Economics: Wealth tending to concentrate in suburbs, leaving urban areas poor Did You Know? Every year, more than 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of rural land are converted to urban land in the United States.

Lesson 10.3 Sustainable Cities Open Space Provides greenery, beauty, freedom of movement, recreation opportunities Includes parks, playgrounds, community gardens, greenways Regulates climate, produces oxygen, filters air and water, provides habitat Did You Know? More than 24,000 km of abandoned public rail line in the U.S. have been converted to trails for walking, jogging, and biking.

Lesson 10.3 Sustainable Cities Green Building Design The goals of a green building are to save energy and resources without sacrificing people’s comfort. Ashland High School near Boston, Massachusetts is a sophisticated green building that saves the school system more than $75,000 a year in energy costs.

Urban Sustainability Successes Lesson 10.3 Sustainable Cities Urban Sustainability Successes Curitiba, Brazil Efficient bus network Recycling and environmental education provided New York City Plan underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve public transit, plant trees, clean up polluted sites, and improve open space access The tube at this Curitiba bus stop handles fare collection for passengers boarding or exiting.

Today’s Work FUTURE: Three part assignment Page 298 (1-4) Page 304 (1-3) Page 313 (1-6) FUTURE: Unit 7 Test Review when you get back from the weekend, Test the next class after review