Cardiovascular System

Components Includes: Heart Blood vessels Blood

Function Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body Helps control body temperature and electrolyte balance

The Heart Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist. Located in the mediastinal cavity Has three layers of tissue: Pericardium – outer layer, reduces friction as the heart beats Myocardium – middle layer, pumps blood through the system Endocardium – inner layer, allows the blood to flow smoothly

Chambers of the Heart Septum – muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left sides Each side is divided into two parts Atria – two top chambers Ventricles – two bottom chambers Blood enters the heart through the atria Blood leaves through the ventricles

Heart Valves Atrioventricular - located between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart. Tricuspid valve – right side Bicuspid valve – left side Semilunar - located between the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart. Pulmonary valve Aortic valve

Circulation of Blood Pulmonary Systemic Coronary

Pulmonary Circulation Flow of blood between the heart and lungs The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart.

Systemic Circulation Flow of blood between the heart and body The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body. Blood returns to the right side of the heart

Coronary Circulation Flow of blood to the heart muscle The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to heart tissue Blood returns to the right side of the heart.

Blood Flow Through the Heart Superior & inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulumonary arteries Lungs to exchange gases Pulmonary veins Left atrium Bicuspid / Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve Aorta all parts of the body Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

Intrinsic Conduction System Automaticity-enables heart to contract rhythmically and continuously without motor nerve impulses SA (sinoatrial) Node: pacemaker located where the superior and inferior vena cava enter the right atrium AV (atrioventricular) Node: sends impulses to ventricles Bundle of His/Bundle Branches: in septum Purkinje Fibers: in heart wall to distribute nerve impulses

Electrical Cardiogram