1. Cardiovascular System Miechelle Abma Moore High School

2. Components Includes:Includes: –Heart –Blood vessels –Blood

3. Function ▫Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body ▫Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells ▫Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body ▫Helps control body temperature and electrolyte balance

4. The Heart Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist.Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist. Located in the mediastinal cavityLocated in the mediastinal cavity Pericardium –2 saclike membranes that enclose the heart. Reduces friction as the heart beats Has three layers of tissue:Has three layers of tissue: ▫Epicardium – Outer layer of Heart tissue ▫Myocardium – middle layer, pumps blood through the system pumps blood through the system ▫Endocardium – inner layer, allows the blood to flow smoothly allows the blood to flow smoothly

5. Chambers of the Heart Septum – muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left sidesSeptum – muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left sides Each side is divided into two partsEach side is divided into two parts Atria – two top chambersAtria – two top chambers Ventricles – two bottom chambersVentricles – two bottom chambers Blood enters the heartBlood enters the heart through the atria through the atria Blood leaves throughBlood leaves through the ventricles the ventricles

6. Heart Valves Four Heart Valves ensure the blood flows thru the heart in one direction preventing backflowFour Heart Valves ensure the blood flows thru the heart in one direction preventing backflow 2 valves are Atrioventricular - located2 valves are Atrioventricular - located between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart. ▫Tricuspid valve – right side ▫Bicuspid (Mitral)valve – left side 2 valves are Semilunar - located2 valves are Semilunar - located Between the ventricles and the Vessels where blood leaves the heart. ▫Pulmonary valve ▫Aortic valve

7. Circulation of Blood PulmonaryPulmonary SystemicSystemic CoronaryCoronary

8. Pulmonary Circulation Flow of blood between the heart and lungsFlow of blood between the heart and lungs ▫The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. ▫Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. ▫Oxygenated blood returns to the left side returns to the left side of the heart. of the heart.

9. Systemic Circulation Flow of blood between theFlow of blood between the heart and body heart and body ▫The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to pumps oxygenated blood to the body. the body. ▫Blood returns to the right side of the heart of the heart

10. Coronary Circulation Flow of blood to the heart muscleFlow of blood to the heart muscle ▫The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to heart tissue ▫Blood returns to the right side of the heart.

11. Blood Flow Through the Heart Superior & inferior vena cavaSuperior & inferior vena cava Right atriumRight atrium Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve Right ventricleRight ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valvePulmonary semilunar valve Pulumonary arteriesPulumonary arteries Lungs to exchange gasesLungs to exchange gases Pulmonary veinsPulmonary veins Left atriumLeft atrium Bicuspid / Mitral valveBicuspid / Mitral valve Left ventricleLeft ventricle Aortic semilunar valveAortic semilunar valve Aorta all parts of the bodyAorta all parts of the body

12. –SA node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract –AV node stimulates ventricles to contract SA node VA node The heartbeat consists of two contractions. Intrinsic Conduction System

13. Automaticity-enables heart to contract rhythmically and continuously without motor nerve impulses Pathway 1.SA (sinoatrial) Node: pacemaker (sets the pace for heart contractions) located in the superior wall of right atrium 2.AV (atrioventricular) Node: sends impulses to ventricles 3.Bundle of His: in septum 4.Bundle Branches: in septum 5.Purkinje Fibers: in heart wall to distribute nerve impulses

14. Electrical Cardiogram http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIQXzge sdDg

15. Electrocardiogram P-WaveSA Nodes causes the atria to contract QRS WaveAV node causes the ventricles to contract T waveRepresents the time that the muscles are recovering from contraction http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/circulatory/ecg.html

16. Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.Arteries carry blood away from the heart. –blood under great pressure –thicker, more muscular walls ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule valve

17. Veins carry blood back to the heart.Veins carry blood back to the heart. –blood under less pressure –thinner walls, larger diameter –valves prevent backflow ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARIES arteriole venule endothelium connective tissue smooth muscle valve

18. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls.Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls. –systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts –diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

19. Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases. Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases.Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases. –smoking –long-term stress –excessive weight –lack of exercise –diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fats

20. Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries.Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries. –artery walls become thick and inflexible –plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

21. Signs/Symptoms of Heart Attack Common heart attack symptoms include:Common heart attack symptoms include: –Pressure, a feeling of fullness or a squeezing pain in the center of your chest that lasts for more than a few minutes –Pain extending beyond your chest to your shoulder, arm, back, or even to your teeth and jaw –Increasing episodes of chest pain –Prolonged pain in the upper abdomen –Shortness of breath –Sweating –Impending sense of doom –Fainting –Nausea and vomiting Additional, or different, heart attack signs and symptoms in women may include:Additional, or different, heart attack signs and symptoms in women may include: –Heartburn or abdominal pain –Clammy skin –Lightheadedness or dizziness –Unusual or unexplained fatigue