Cycles of Matter Chapter 23 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Cycles of Matter Chapter 23 Section 2

Recycling Matter Matter cycles through an ecosystem over and over. Matter in an ecosystem includes water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and many other substances. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Combination of two or more atoms chemically bonded together are called molecules.

Water Cycle Continuous process by which water moves from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back. The processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation make up the water cycle.

Water Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Surface Runoff

Evaporation Process by which molecules of liquid water absorb and change to the gas state is called evaporation. The energy for evaporation comes from the sun

Condensation Process by which a gas changes to a liquid is called condensation.

Precipitation When more water vapor condenses, the drops of water in the cloud grow larger and heavier. Eventually the heavy drops fall back to Earth as a form of precipitation.

The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles Two other chemicals necessary for life are carbon and oxygen. Plants take in carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon to make sugar molecules. Plants produce oxygen Animals take in oxygen Animals break down sugar molecules Animals releases carbon dioxide Plants take in carbon dioxide

The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles

Nitrogen Cycle Most organisms can use nitrogen only once it has been “fixed” or combined with other elements to form nitrogen-containing compounds.

Nitrogen Fixation Process of changing free nitrogen gas into a usable form of nitrogen is called nitrogen fixation. Most nitrogen fixation is performed by certain kinds of bacteria. Some of these bacteria live in bumps called nodules on roots of certain plants. These plants, known as legumes, include clover, beans, peas, alfalfa, and peanuts.

Nitrogen Fixation The relationship between the bacteria and the legumes is an example of mutualism. The bacteria feed on the plant’s sugars, and the plant is supplied with nitrogen in a usable form.

Nodules