Introduction to World Wide Web Imran Rashid CTO at ManiWeber Technologies

Outline World Wide Web History How Web Works What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS What is JavaScript, AJAX, PHP & SQL

World Wide Web History

World Wide Web History Information medium accessible via devices using internet Not a synonym for the internet itself, but the web is a service that operates over the internet Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web in 1989, about 20 years after the first connection was established over what is today known as the internet Tim was a software engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland Proposal specified a set of technologies that would make the internet truly accessible & useful to people [1989]

World Wide Web History Specified the three fundamental technologies HTML, URI & HTTP [1990] Tim also wrote the first web page editor/browser (WorldWideWeb) & the first Web server (httpd) [1991] CERN announced that the www technology would be available for anyone to use on a royalty-free basis [1993] Tim founded the world wide web consortium (W3C) to develop or gather web standards [1994]

How Web Works

How Web Works The client and server are basically two parts of a distributed computing model Client/server is a program relationship in which one program (the client) requests a service or resource from another program (the server) In this model, a user uses a client computer which sends requests to the server The server then processes the request and creates the appropriate response which it sends back to the client The client is usually the initiator

How Web Works

How Web Works

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML Uniform resource locator (URL) anatomy

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML Sub-domains WWW is default sub-domain for any web server Home page is always index or default with extentions You can create multiple sub-domains

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML Domain name system (DNS) System used to translate word-based addresses of systems (e.g. www.google.com.pk) to the numerical IP (e.g. 173.194.116.183) address

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) Protocols allow devices to talk to each other… HTTP is stateless?

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML Web browser A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the world wide web, including web pages, images, video and other files

What is URL, DNS, Protocol, Browser & HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) That may sound scary, but it simply means it is a language for describing web-pages using ordinary text

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS Document type definition (DTD) Defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an HTML/XHTML/XML document A DTD can be declared inside an XML document or in an external file

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) A style-sheet language developed to control the presentation of HTML documents

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS Extensible markup language (XML) A semantic markup language containing rules for defining document structure and data

What is DTD, CSS, XML & RSS Really simple syndication (RSS) RSS feeds use standardized tags for describing feeds Structure included headlines, descriptions, links and more Feed creation & reading is typically a server-side process

What is JavaScript, AJAX, PHP & SQL

What is JavaScript, AJAX, PHP & SQL A scripting language used to add interactivity and functionality to websites (it has nothing to do with Java!)

What is JavaScript, AJAX, PHP & SQL Asynchronous JavaScript & XML (AJAX) The method of exchanging data with a server, & updating parts of a web page - without reloading the entire page

What is JavaScript, AJAX, PHP & SQL PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) A widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML

What is JavaScript, AJAX, PHP & SQL Structured query language (SQL) Standard query language for managing & retrieving information from databases

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