Separations Notes 2016-2017
Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound (2 or more elements) Element
Definitions Solute - substance being dissolved Solution – a mixture of substances that has a uniform composition Solute - substance being dissolved Solvent – substance that is the dissolving medium
Definitions Continued Soluble: when a substance will dissolve in another substance Example: salt is soluble in water Insoluble: when a substance will not dissolve in another substance. Example: Sand is insoluble in water
Evaporation Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. When is a time this technique would be used? When solute is dissolved in solvent
Separation By Funnel Using filter paper, a funnel, and some sort of beaker or Erlenmeyer flask. Slowly pour the solution through the filter paper. When would a scientist use this technique? When solute cannot dissolve in solvent
Suction Filtration Using a Buchner funnel and water pressure the solution is slowly poured through filter paper and the solvent is suctioned into the Erlenmeyer flask. When would a scientist use this technique instead of a regular funnel? Short on time
Magnetism Using a magnet to separate magnetic solutes from a solution Ferro fluids https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nadpcadav1I
Paper Chromatography - A technique used to separate liquid solutions. - Uses a liquid solvent to draw up liquid solutes that are like it. - The liquid solutes that are not like it will stay closer to the original line. Example: Pen ink.