Food Science: An Old but New Subject History of Food Science The History of Food Science History of Food Science Chapter One Part Two

Three Periods in the Development of Food Early Food Discoveries 1 Industrial Revolution 2 The history of food can be broken into three broad periods. The first period focuses on food discoveries of early people. The second period began with the invention of modern machines and the development of mass production processes. The third period is marked by government regulation to keep the food supply safe. Government Regulation 4

Early Food Discoveries There was a time when people ate foods that were naturally grown in the area where they lived. Early food discoveries allowed people to identify foods that were tasty and safe to eat. Men often hunted and fished for the meat portion of the diet. Women and children foraged for fruits and nuts. Early Food Discoveries There was a time when people ate foods that were naturally grown in the area where they lived. Early food discoveries allowed people to identify foods that were tasty and safe to eat; however variety was limited by location and seasons. Men often hunted and fished for the meat portion of the diet. Women and children foraged for fruits and nuts.

Industrial Revolution Mid 1700’s to Mid 1800’s, also known as the Industrial Revolution, was a time of change. Great strides were made in scientific knowledge, answering the “Why” of things and the economy boomed, much due to the development of power-driven machines, the steam engine. The industrial revolution led to increases in food production and the development of new food products. Before the Industrial Revolution, people learned techniques for preserving foods through trail and error. The mid 1700’s to mid 1800’s, also known as the Industrial Revolution, was a time of change. Great strides were made in scientific knowledge, answering the “Why” of things and the economy boomed, much due to the development of power-driven machines, i.e. the steam engine. The industrial revolution led to increases in food production and the development of new food products.

Early Government Regulation of the Food Industry Government regulation helped eliminate misnamed and adulterated foods; increased food safety, and required informative, accurate labeling. Along came Government Regulation. Government regulation helped eliminate misnamed and adulterated foods; increased food safety, and required informative accurate labeling.

What is Adulteration? Adulteration is a lowering of the quality and safety of a product by adding inferior or toxic ingredients. Adulterated food products often include cheaper ingredients, which can increase product supply and save food producers money. Adulterated food products create health risks for consumers because these counterfeit (fake) ingredients may be toxic, have a lower nutritional value than ingredients they have replaced, or cause allergic reactions. Adulteration is a lowering of the quality and safety of a product by adding inferior or toxic ingredients. Adulterated food products often include cheaper ingredients, which can increase product supply and save food producers money. Adulterated food products create health risks for consumers because these counterfeit (fake) ingredients may be toxic, have a lower nutritional value than ingredients they have replaced, or cause allergic reactions.

Milestones in Government Food Regulation Actions Generated Pure Food and Drug Act Prohibits interstate commerce of misbranded adulterated food, drinks, and drugs. Meat Inspection Act Requires inspection of all meat sold across state lines. 1st Certified Color Regulations Certifies seven colors as acceptable for use in processed foods and drugs. Gould Amendment Requires accurate labeling of food packages with weight, measure, or numerical count. These will be good to know for the test. Sorry Kids, no other way to learn these than to memorize them. These are some of the milestones in Government Food Regulation. The Pure Food and Drug Act prohibits interstate commerce of misbranded adulterated food, drinks, and drugs. The Meat Inspection Act requires inspection of all meat sold across state lines. 1st Certified Color Regulations certifies seven colors as acceptable for use in processed foods and drugs. The Gould Amendment requires accurate labeling of food packages with weight, measure, or numerical count.

Milestones in Government Food Regulation continued: Actions Generated Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Expands the 1906 Food and Drug Act to cover cosmetics. Delaney Clause Prohibits the use of any additive in food that is found to cause cancer. Fair Packaging and Labeling Act Requires all consumer products in interstate commerce to be honestly and informatively labeled. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act expanded the 1906 Food and Drug Act to cover cosmetics. The Delaney Clause prohibits the use of any additive in food that is found to cause cancer. The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act requires all consumer products in interstate commerce to be honestly and informatively labeled.

Milestones in Government Food Regulation continued: Actions Generated Saccharin Study and Labeling Act Stops FDA from banning a chemical sweetener but requires a warning label on food products containing it. Food and Drug Administration Act Broadly spells out the responsibilities of the Secretary and the Commissioner of the FDA for research, enforcement, education, and information. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act Defines dietary supplements and places the burden of proof for safety on FDA. The Saccharin Study and Labeling Act stops FDA from banning a chemical sweetener but requires a warning label on food products containing it. The Food and Drug Administration Act broadly spells out the responsibilities of the Secretary and the Commissioner of the FDA for research, enforcement, education, and information. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act defines dietary supplements and places the burden of proof for safety on FDA.

What are Watchdog Groups: Watchdog groups are organizations that observe and report scientific developments, policy, and legislation related to the food industry. These groups can be nonpartisan (they do not have an agenda or goal other than unbiased communication. Others have agendas that are political in nature. Watchdog groups are organizations that observe and report scientific developments, policy, and legislation related to the food industry. These groups can be nonpartisan, meaning they do not have an agenda or goal other than unbiased communication. Others have agendas that are political in nature.

Two Nonpartisan Watchdog Groups International Food Information Council (IFIC) American Dietetic Association Founded in 1985 Nonprofit organization whose mission is to provide information to professionals who communicate with consumers regarding science-based information on agricultural industries. Professional association of nutritionists and nutrition research scientists who report summaries of current research on food related topics. Two nonpartisan Watchdog groups are the International Food Information Council and the American Dietetic Association. The international Food Information Council was founded in 1985. It is a Nonprofit organization whose mission is to provide information to professionals who communicate with consumers regarding science-based information on agricultural industries. The American Dietetic Association is a Professional association of nutritionists and nutrition research scientists who report summaries of current research on food related topics.

Food Labeling The U.S. Congress has established guidelines that all food manufacturing must follow to market their products. These guidelines are intended to help protect consumers from food fraud and mislabeling and to help keep consumers informed about the nutritional content of food products. Another area of government regulation is food labeling. The U.S. Congress has established guidelines that all food manufacturing must follow to market their products. These guidelines are intended to help protect consumers from food fraud and mislabeling and to help keep consumers informed about the nutritional content of food products.

Food Scientists are required to analyze and properly label food products. To develop a label that meets federal regulations, a food scientist must: -Understand the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) regulations regarding manufactured foods and their labels -Carefully analyze all ingredients in a food item by nutrient category -Accurately calculate ingredients and nutrients -Keep thorough records that support labeling information Food scientists are required to analyze and properly label food products. To develop a label that meets food regulations, a food scientist must: Understand the FDA and USDA regulations regarding manufactured foods and their labels Carefully analyze all ingredients in a food item by nutrient category Accurately calculate ingredients and nutrients and Keep thorough records that support labeling information