Describing Acids and Bases

Acids Compounds whose characteristic properties include the kinds of reactions they undergo. Substances that taste sour, react with metals and carbonates, and turn blue litmus paper red.

Properties of Acids Taste sour Ex. Citrus fruits (citric acid) – lemons, grapefruits, oranges, and limes. Acids are found in many sour foods that are safe to eat while other acids are not. NEVER taste a chemical.

Properties of Acids React with metals Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas. (ex. Lab with zinc and HCL) Acids are corrosive, meaning they “eat away” at other materials. Ex. Metal etching

Properties of Acids React with carbonates Carbonates are carbon and oxygen ions that are bonded together and have an overall negative charge. Carbon dioxide gas is one product of acid reacting with a carbonate Geologists use this property of acid to identify rocks containing limestone.

Properties of Acids React with indicators An indicator is a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base. Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

Uses of Acids Vitamins Acid solutions used to clean brick and other surfaces in the home. Fertilizers Car batteries

Compounds that can be identified by their common properties. Bases Compounds that can be identified by their common properties.

Properties of Bases Bitter Taste Caused by the base quinine. Ex. Soaps, shampoos, and detergents. NEVER taste a chemical to determine if it is an acid or a base.

Properties of Bases Slippery to touch. Ex. Washing your hair.

Properties of Bases React with Indicators Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Litmus paper is a reliable safe test.

Uses of Bases To help make soil less acidic To make mortar and cement Drain and glass cleaners To make bread products by using the carbon dioxide that is produced