1. Acids and Bases

2. Acids Acid- a compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution.
-Ex.- H combines with H2O to make H3O which is an acid.
The more Hydronium ions the more acidic the substance.
Strong acids are corrosive. They can eat metal.
NEVER TOUCH OR TASTE A STRONG ACID!

3. Acid
Acids Taste Sour
Oranges contain citric acids; apples contain malic acid
Organic acids come from nature- Weak Acids
Ants are also naturally acidic.
Unripened fruit has a higher acidity than ripened fruit. That is why it tastes more sour!

4. Bases Base- A compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution.
NEVER TOUCH OR TASTE A STRONG BASE.
Alkaline- another name for a base
Bases are slippery feeling and taste bitter.
To neutralize an base add an acid. To neutralize an acid, add a base.

5. pH pH- the measure of the hydronium ions in a solution.
The lower the number the MORE acidic, the higher the number the MORE base.
Typical pH scale ranges from 0-14
0-6 is acidic
7 neutral
8-14 base (alkaline)

6. pH comes from the French “pouvoir hydrogene,” which means “hydrogen power.”

7. pH Indicator
Indicator- substance that changes color in an acid or base.
Litmus paper- turns red or blue in acid or base.
Red paper turns blue in a base
Blue paper turns red in an acid

8. Paper universal indicator
pH Indicator
Universal Indicator- mixture of several indicators so that each number on the pH scale shows a different color.
Can be a solid or liquid
The colors representing the number changes with the brand of indicator
Natural liquid indicator made from cabbage juice.
Liquid Indicator