THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION United States History Ms. Ramirez

Major Battles of the Revolution Bunker Hill- Year 1775: British drive Patriots from hill overlooking Boston, but suffer terrible losses. Patriots show they will not be easily defeated.

Major Battles of the Revolution Long Island- Year 1176: British drive Washington’s army out of New York. Trenton- Year 1776: Washington’s troops cross Delaware River at night, surprising British and winning an inspiring victory.

Major Battles of the Revolution Saratoga- Year 1777: Patriots defeat British in northern New York, leading French to join war on American side. The battle is the turning point of the war. Battle of Yorktown: Year 1781: The British army marched into Virginia and faced a combined American and French forces. The British were defeated at this battle and Britain surrendered soon after.

Effects of the American Revolution The idea of liberty inspires struggles for freedom around the world Traditional ideas about women’s roles in society are challenged Ideas of freedom and natural rights inspire some people to begin opposing slavery

Effects of the American Revolution Native Americans are pushed farther west and face increased attacks from settlers Britain recognizes the United States as an independent nation.

Reasons for a New Constitution National Government is Weak No power to collect taxes No executive branch No national courts

Reasons for a New Constitution 2. States Don’t Work Together Each state prints its own money States fight over trade and other issues

Reasons for a New Constitution 3. Nationalists Fear Nation Will Fail Warn of dangers of weak government Want the United States to be a model for the world

Reasons for a New Constitution 4. Shay’s Rebellion Farmers revolted against a state tax that severely hurt their farms National government was helpless, until a state government put a stop to it Shows the disorder occurring under weak government

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE BRANCH- President carries out the laws Can veto acts of Congress Can appoint judges to the Supreme Court

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT 2. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH- Congress makes the laws Can remove President from office Can refuse to appoint judges

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT 3. JUDICIAL BRANCH- Supreme Court interprets the laws Can declare acts of Congress unconstitutional Can declare acts of President unconstitutional

Should the Constitution Be Ratified? Anti-Federalist Concern Constitution will give national government too much power. President will be just like a king. Individual liberties will be threatened by powerful government Federal government could come under control of one powerful faction.

Should the Constitution Be Ratified? FEDERALISTS RESPONSE Constitution will give national government enough power to solve the country’s problems. System of checks and balances will limit President’s power.

Should the Constitution Be Ratified? FEDERALISTS RESPONSE 3. Bill of Rights will protect citizens’ freedom 4. Country is too big to be dominated by any one faction

The New Jersey Plan Three - legislative, executive, and judicial. Branches Three - legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislature appoints people to serve in the executive branch. The executive branch selects the justices of the Supreme Court

The New Jersey Plan Legislature One house (unicameral) States would be represented equally, so all states had the same power

Other Powers The national government could levy taxes and import duties Regulate trade State laws would be subordinate to laws passed by the national legislature.

The Virginia Plan Branches Three - legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislature was more powerful, as it chose people to serve in the executive and judicial branches

The Virginia Plan Legislature Two houses (bicameral) The house of Representatives was elected by the people The Senate was elected by the state legislatures. Both were represented proportionally.

The Virginia Plan Other Powers The legislature could regulate interstate trade Strike down laws deemed unconstitutional and use armed forces to enforce laws

THE GREAT COMPROMISE Legislature Bicameral One house will have equal representation, while the other is based on population of the state

THE GREAT COMPROMISE Members in The House of Representatives or the lower house will be appointed among the states according to population and they will be elected by the people In the upper house or the Senate, all states will have an equal number of representatives, which will be chosen by the state legislatures.