Bacteria: Reproduction, Antibiotics, and Evolution Partner #1: Logan Snyder Partner #2: Tommy Waters Partner #3: Nick Migliore Partner #4: Nick Furey

Overview How Prokaryotic Asexual Cells reproduce? How Eukaryotic Cells reproduce? Importance of Conjugation for Bacteria Process of Making Cells in Eukaryotic Cells  How virus infects living cells How antibiotics fight bacterial infections How bacteria can develop resistance to dugs What is (MRSA) caused by?

Prokaryotic Asexual Reproduction Produces two identical cells A prokaryotic cell doubles in size Replicates DNA LS

Binary Fission Doesn’t involve the exchange of genetic information A form of asexual reproduction When conditions are favorable the cells can grow faster LS

Endospore A thick internal wall that encloses the DNA When growth conditions are unfavorable, they form this It helps cells to survive under bad conditions It can remain nonfunctional for years LS

Eukaryotic Cell Division (Mitosis) Mitosis is when the cell nucleus divides Prophase is when the genetic material condenses in the nucleus Metaphase is when chromosomes line up in the center  Anaphase is when chromosomes separate Telophase is when chromosomes spread out LS

Conjugation in Prokaryotic Cells Exchange of genetic information Hollow bridge forms Genetic material is also forming  Both are usually in the form of a plasmid Plasmid moves from one cell to another TW

Importance of Conjugation for Bacteria Plasmid carry genes that enable bacteria to survive in new environments Those genes also resist antibiotics that may otherwise prove fatal This transfer increases genetic diversity in populations of prokaryotes TW

Process of Making Cells in Eukaryotic Cells (Meiosis) Prophase I- exchange of genetic material occurs at this phase Metaphase I- homologous pairs line up in the center of the cell Anaphase I- homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell  Telophase I- The cytoplasm divides and two cells form TW

Process of Making Cells in Eukaryotic Cells (Meiosis) Prophase II- duplicated chromosomes and spindle fibers reappear Metaphase II- chromosomes move to the center of the cell and attaches to two spindle fibres Anaphase II-chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell Telophase II-  nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes TW

How do diseases spread? Virus infects living cells to grow and reproduce Direct person to person contact Touching Airborne transfer Sneezing Coughing NM

What do antibiotics treat? Fight bacterial infections Kills growth of bacteria Examples: Strep Thought or Mono NM

Amoxicillin Treats stomach ulcers Side effects Vomiting Diarrhea Stomach Pain NM

Azithromycin Treats pink eye Side effects Vomiting Diarrhea Stomach Pain NM

How does bacteria develop resistance to drugs Bacteria changes in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs or any others Bacteria can survive and continues to multiply causing more harm Some bacteria have developed resistance to drugs over time that at one time were used to treat them This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

The epidemic of "superbug" Resistant to a majority of antibiotics commonly used today. Pneumonia, urinary tract infections and skin infections are just a few of the dangers

MRSA(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)  Caused by a type of staph bacteria that becomes resistant antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections. Symptoms Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever

Connection You should contact your doctor if ineftion does not improvment or gets worse. If untreated skin infection can go deeper into the body infecting the blood & organs 

ABC's How much bigger does a Prokaryotic Cell get after Binary Fission? A. Triples B. Doubles C. Quadruples D. Stays the Same B LS

ABC's What does Anaphase do in Mitosis? A. Chromosomes line up in the middle B. Genetic Material Condenses C. Chromosomes Spread Out D. Chromosomes Separate D LS

ABC's B What type of bridge is formed during conjugation? A. Short B. Hollow C. Long  D. Flat B TW

ABC’s D During what phase does the cytoplasm divide? A. Metaphase I B. Telophase II C. Prophase I D. Telophase I D TW

B ABC’s What type of infections does antibiotics fight? Viral Bacterial Bodily Skin B NM

B ABC’s What is not a side effect of Azithromycin? Vomiting Sore throat Diarrhea Stomach Pain B NM

ABC's A What are super bugs A. Bacteria that has grown a resistance for drugs B. Bacteria that is immune to a drug  C. Bacteria that can be killed by a drug  D. Bacteria that can heal itself  A

ABC's C What can happen if MRSA is left untreated A. Will heal on its own B. Will can develops a resistance to drugs C. Can go deeper into the body infecting the blood & organs D. will remain the same C

Overview How Prokaryotic Asexual Cells reproduce? How Eukaryotic Cells reproduce? Importance of Conjugation for Bacteria Process of Making Cells in Eukaryotic Cells  How virus infects living cells How antibiotics fight bacterial infections How bacteria can develop resistance to dugs What is (MRSA) caused by?