1. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Lesson Overview 10.2 The Process of Cell Division

2. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division THINK ABOUT IT  What role does cell division play in your life?  Does cell division stop when you are finished growing?

3. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Chromosomes  What is the role of chromosomes in cell division?  ___________________make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division.

4. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division  The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by_________________________.  Every cell must ____________ its genetic information before cell division begins.  Each _________________ gets its own copy of that genetic information.  Cells of every organism have a _________________ of chromosomes. Chromosomes

5. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Prokaryotic Chromosomes  Prokaryotic cells __________________. Instead, their DNA molecules are found in the cytoplasm.  Most prokaryotes contain a single, ______________ molecule, or _______________________, that contains most of the cell’s genetic information.

6. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Eukaryotic Chromosomes  In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in the nucleus, and are made up of __________________.

7. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division  _______________ is composed of DNA and histone proteins.

8. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division  DNA coils around ______________ to form _________________.

9. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division  The nucleosomes interact with one another to form ________ and ______________ that make up chromosomes.

10. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division The Cell Cycle  What are the main events of the cell cycle?  During the cell cycle, a cell  __________________  _____________________________.

11. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle  The prokaryotic ________is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division.  Most prokaryotic cells begin to ___________, or copy, their DNA once they have grown to a certain size.  When DNA replication is complete, the cells divide through a process known as ___________________.

12. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division  ____________is a form of asexual reproduction during which two genetically identical cells are produced.  For example, _________ reproduce by binary fission. The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle

13. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle  The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases: __________________.  _____________ is the time between cell divisions. It is a period of growth that consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases. The M phase is the period of ___________.

14. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division G 1 Phase: Cell Growth  In the _____ phase, cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.

15. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division S Phase: DNA Replication  In the ___ (or synthesis) phase, new DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are __________.

16. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division G 2 Phase: Preparing for Cell Division  In the ___ phase, many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.

17. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division M Phase: Cell Division  In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two stages: _____________ _______________.  _____________is the division of the cell nucleus.  ______________ is the division of the cytoplasm.

18. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Important Cell Structures Involved in Mitosis  ________________ – each strand of a ___________ chromosome  _________________– the area where each pair of chromatids is joined  __________– tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells that help organize the spindle  ______________– a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromatids

19. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Prophase  During __________, the first phase of mitosis, the duplicated chromosome condenses and becomes visible.  The ____________ move to opposite sides of nucleus and help organize the spindle.  The spindle forms and DNA strands attach at a point called their ______________.  The _________________and nuclear envelope breaks down.

20. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Metaphase  During ___________, the second phase of mitosis, the _____________of the duplicated chromosomes __________________of the cell.  The ________________ connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.

21. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Anaphase  During ___________, the third phase of mitosis, the ___________________ ___________and the ____________________ to become individual chromosomes.  The _________________ ______________into two groups near the poles of the spindle.

22. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Telophase  During ___________, the fourth and final phase of mitosis, the chromosomes spread out into a tangle of _______________.  A _______________ _____________ around each cluster of chromosomes.

23. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Telophase  During ___________, the fourth and final phase of mitosis, the chromosomes spread out into a tangle of _______________.  A _______________ ________ around each cluster of chromosomes.  The __________, and a ___________________ ________________in each daughter nucleus.

24. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division  _______________ is the division of the cytoplasm.  The process of cytokinesis is ______________ in animal and plant cells. Cytokinesis

25. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Cytokinesis in Animal Cells  The cell membrane is drawn in until the cytoplasm is _________________ __________________.  Each part contains its own nucleus and organelles.

26. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division Cytokinesis in Plant Cells  In plants, the cell membrane is not flexible enough to draw inward because of the rigid cell wall.  Instead, a _______________ forms between the divided nuclei that develops into cell membranes.  A ______________ then forms in between the two new membranes.

27. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview The Process of Cell Division The Stages of the Cell Cycle