Light and Sound In this unit: Properties of light Reflection Colors Refraction Properties of sound Hearing

Part 1 – Properties of Light Light travels in straight lines: Laser

Thing that can happen to light Diffraction Diffraction

Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometers per second. At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.

Light travels much faster than sound. For example: Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first. 2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.

We see things because they reflect light into our eyes: Homework

Luminous and non-luminous objects A luminous object is one that produces light. A non-luminous object is one that reflects light. Luminous objects Reflectors

Properties of Light summary Light travels in straight lines Light travels much faster than sound We see things because they reflect light into our eyes

Part 2 - Reflection Reflection from a mirror: Mirror Normal Incident ray Reflected ray Angle of incidence Angle of reflection Mirror

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection The Law of Reflection Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it. The same !!!

Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection: Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection. Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

Using mirrors Two examples: 2) A car headlight 1) A periscope

Color White light is not a single color; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colors of the rainbow. We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism: This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

The colors of the rainbow: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

Adding colors White light can be split up to make separate colors. These colors can be added together again. The primary colors of light are red, blue and green: Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple) Adding blue and green makes cyan (light blue) Adding red and green makes yellow Adding all three makes white again

Only red light is reflected Seeing color The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects. For example, a red book only reflects red light: Homework White light Only red light is reflected

A white hat would reflect all seven colors: A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue): Purple light A white hat would reflect all seven colors: White light

Using colored light If we look at a colored object in colored light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit: Shirt looks red White light Shorts look blue

In different colors of light this kit would look different: Red light Shirt looks red Shorts look black Shirt looks black Blue light Shorts look blue

Some further examples: Object Color of light Color object seems to be Red socks Red Blue Black Green Blue teddy Green camel Magenta book Homework

Using filters Red Filter Filters can be used to “block” out different colors of light: Red Filter Magenta Filter

Investigating filters Color of filter Colors that could be “seen” Red Green Blue Cyan Magenta Yellow

Red Blue Green White Yellow Cyan Magenta

Words – speed up, water, air, bent, media Refraction Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pencil is placed in water it looks like this: In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two media in this example are ______ and _______. Words – speed up, water, air, bent, media

Words – slowly, low, high, quickly Sound – The basics We hear things when they vibrate. If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch. If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch. The lowest frequency I could hear was… Words – slowly, low, high, quickly

Drawing sounds… This sound wave has a _____ frequency:

Drawing sounds… This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud): This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (quiet):

Hearing problems Our hearing range can be damaged by several things: Too much ear wax! Damage to the auditory nerve from sounds Illness or infections Old age

Other sound effects… Like light, sound can be… Reflected – sound reflections are called ______. Refracted – this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater

The Ear Label your diagram with the following: These bones are vibrated by the eardrum This tube carries the sound towards the eardrum This part is used to help us keep our balance This part “picks up” the vibrations This part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn vibrations into an electrical signal This part connects the ear to the mouth This part “channels” the sound towards the ear drum

The Ear

Light Notes- (Write question and answers- keep until test!) 1. What are the colors of the light spectrum? 2. What are the primary colors of light? 3. If an object is red under a white light, what is being absorbed? What is being reflected? 4. If a white light shines through a red filter, what is absorbed? What color shines through? 5. If a blue light shines through a red filter, what is absorbed? What color shines through? 6. What does a polarizing filter do? 7. What causes light to be produced?