1. Light In this unit: Properties of light Types of light Reflection
Colours
Refraction

2. Light In the simplest terms what is light?
light is the form of Energy that we can see.
light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum of energy

3. Types of Light Natural Light Sun Candles or Oil Lamps Wood (fire)
Bioluminescence (light produced by living organisms) Firefly, Angular Fish

4. Types of Light Artificial Light Incandescent bulbs Florescent bulbs
Phosphorescence stored and released later. Ex. paint
Chemiluminescence
A chemical reaction, Ex. glow sticks

5. Cost of Light
If we use light or sources of light then we must also be prepared to pay for the source of the light!
How would the cost of light be calculated?
What energy source is used to produce most artificial light?
So the cost of light is the cost of the electrical energy used to produce it.

6. Cost of Light
Electrical energy costs money to produce. A watt is a unit of electrical power. The cost is calculated by how much of the electrical energy is used over a certain period of time. Calculations are made in kW.h's. 1 kW.h is 1000 watts of electrical energy operating for 1 hour.

7. Convert 60W to kW by dividing by 1000 Calculate the number of kW hours
Example: Calculate the cost of leaving a 60W light bulb on for 10 hours.
Convert 60W to kW by dividing by 1000
Calculate the number of kW hours
To complete the calculation we need to know how much is charged per hour.
60 W / 1000 = 0.06 kW
0.06 kW x 10 hours = 0.6 kW.h

8. Cost of Light $0.48/10 hour period
Calculate the cost by multiplying the number of hours by the cost per kW.h
If the cost per kW.h is $0.08
(4.8 cents - or about 5 cents)
Now multiply this by10 hours
The cost of electricity to operate the 60W light bulb for 1 hour would be time x Cost 0.6 kW.h x $0.08 = $0.048
$0.048 x 10 hours=
$0.48/10 hour period

9. Cost of Electricity
Complete questions #’s 1a, 1b, 1c, and #2 from the BLM sheet 3-3
Answers:
1(a) Cost = 0.1 kW x 9 h x 8¢/kW•h = 7.2¢
1(b) Cost = 1.5 kW x 3 h x 8¢/kW•h = 36¢
1(c) Cost = 0.5 kW x 7 h x 8¢/kW•h = 28¢
2. There are about 226 days between October 8 and May 22. Cost = 1 kW x 226 days x 12 h/day x 8¢/kW•h = $216.96

10. Part 1 – Properties of Light
Light travels in straight lines:
Laser

11. Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second.
At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.

12. Light travels much faster than sound. For example:
Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.
2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.

13. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:
Homework

14. Luminous and non-luminous objects
A luminous object is one that produces light.
A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.
Luminous objects
Reflectors

15. Shadows
Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:
Rays of light

16. Properties of Light summary
Light travels in straight lines
Light travels much faster than sound
We see things because they reflect light into our eyes
Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object

17. Part 2 - Reflection Reflection from a mirror: Mirror Normal
Incident ray
Reflected ray
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection
Mirror

18. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.
The same !!!

19. Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

20. Using mirrors
Two examples:
2) A car headlight
1) A periscope

21. Colour
White light is not a single colour; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:
This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

22. The colours of the rainbow:
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
ROY G BIV

23. Adding colours
White light can be split up to make separate colours. These colours can be added together again.
The primary colours of light are red, blue and green:
Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple)
Adding blue and green makes cyan (light blue)
Adding red and green makes yellow
Adding all three makes white again

24. Only red light is reflected
Seeing colour
The colour an object appears depends on the colours of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
Homework
White
light
Only red light is reflected

25. A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
White
light

26. Using coloured light
If we look at a coloured object in coloured light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:
Shirt looks red
White
light
Shorts look blue

27. In different colours of light this kit would look different:
Red
light
Shirt looks red
Shorts look black
Shirt looks black
Blue
light
Shorts look blue

28. Some further examples:
Object
Colour of light
Colour object seems to be
Red socks
Red
Blue
Black
Green
Blue teddy
Green camel
Magenta book
Homework

29. Using filters Red Filter
Filters can be used to “block” out different colours of light:
Red Filter
Magenta Filter

30. Investigating filters
Colour of filter
Colours that could be “seen”
Red
Green
Blue
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow

31. Color Mixes Well

32. Red
Blue
Green
White
Yellow
Cyan
Magenta

33. Words – speed up, water, air, bent, medium
Refraction
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:
In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.
Words – speed up, water, air, bent, medium