2. Light and Sound In this unit: Properties of light Reflection Color
Refraction
Properties of sound
Hearing

3. Part 1 – Properties of Light
Light travels in straight lines:
Laser

4. Light travels VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second.
At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second.

5. Light travels much faster than sound. For example:
Thunder and lightning start at the same time, but we will see the lightning first.
2) When a starting pistol is fired we see the smoke first and then hear the bang.

6. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:
Homework

7. Luminous and non-luminous objects
A luminous object is one that produces light.
A non-luminous object is one that reflects light.
Luminous objects
Reflectors

8. Shadows
Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:
Rays of light

9. Properties of Light summary
Light travels in straight lines
Light travels much faster than sound
We see things because they reflect light into our eyes
Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object

10. Part 2 - Reflection Reflection from a mirror: Mirror Normal
Incident ray
Reflected ray
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection
Mirror

11. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at ____ _____ angle it hits it.
The same !!!

12. Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces have a clear reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces have a diffuse reflection.
Diffuse reflection is when light is scattered in different directions

13. Using mirrors
Two examples:
2) A car headlight
1) A periscope

14. Color
White light is not a single color; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colors of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism:
This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

15. The color of the rainbow:
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet

16. Adding colors
White light can be split up to make separate colors. These colors can be added together again.
The primary colors of light are red, blue and green:
Adding blue and red makes magenta (purple)
Adding blue and green makes cyan (light blue)
Adding red and green makes yellow
Adding all three makes white again

17. Only red light is reflected
Seeing color
The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
Homework
White
light
Only red light is reflected

18. A white hat would reflect all seven colors:
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue):
Purple light
A white hat would reflect all seven colors:
White
light

19. Using colored light
If we look at a colored object in colored light we see something different. For example, consider a football kit:
Shirt looks red
White
light
Shorts look blue

20. In different colors of light this kit would look different:
Red
light
Shirt looks red
Shorts look black
Shirt looks black
Blue
light
Shorts look blue

21. Some further examples:
Object
Color of light
Color object seems to be
Red socks
Red
Blue
Black
Green
Blue teddy
Green camel
Magenta book
Homework

22. Using filters Red Filter
Filters can be used to “block” out different colours of light:
Red Filter
Magenta Filter

23. Investigating filters
Color of filter
Colors that could be “seen”
Red
Green
Blue
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow

24. Red
Blue
Green
White
Yellow
Cyan
Magenta

25. Words – speed up, water, air, bent
Refraction
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to travelling in a different _________. A medium is something that waves will travel through. When a pen is placed in water it looks like this:
In this case the light rays are slowed down by the water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd. The two mediums in this example are ______ and _______.
Words – speed up, water, air, bent

28. Words – slowly, low, high, quickly
Sound – The basics
We hear things when they vibrate.
If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch.
If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates ______) we say it has a ____ pitch.
The lowest frequency I could hear was…
Words – slowly, low, high, quickly

29. Drawing sounds… This sound wave has a _____ frequency:

30. Drawing sounds… This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (loud):
This sound wave has a _____ amplitude (quiet):

31. Hearing problems Our hearing range can be damaged by several things:
Too much ear wax!
Damage to the auditory nerve
Illness or infections
Old age (not like Mr. Brueckner)

32. Other sound effects… Like light, sound can be…
Reflected – sound reflections are called ______.
Refracted – this is why you might sound strange if you try talking underwater