Chapter 2 Body Organization Anatomy: is the study of body structures and their locations… Physiology: is the way in which an organism functions (how it works)…

Organization Of The Human Body Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism/Human Body

The order of the human body cont… 2 or more atoms combine to make molecules 2 or more molecules make a cell 2 or more cells make tissue 2 or more tissues make an organ 2 or more organs make organ systems 2 or more organ systems make an organism...

Animal Cells Structures Of The Cell… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y Nucleus: Control Center, Directs activity Cytoplasm: Transports Chemicals and Nutrients Mitochondria: Power House Cell Membrane: Protects The Cell Lysosome: Break Down Molecules Ribosome: Make Protein For Cell Structure

Diseases Affecting The Cells Genetic Disorders result when there are mutations in our genes. They can be inherited from the parents or due to a mutation during cell division. Examples of genetic disorders ( there are more than 4,000 known disorders) Alzheimer's Cancer Sickle Cell Disease Cleft lip Cystic Fibrosis Down Syndrome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBI7GoIyoog

TYPES OF TISSUES

Epithelial Tissue Function: to cover and protect Forms protective covering for all internal and external surfaces and helps form glands. Ex: epidermis of the skin and lining of blood vessels

Connective Tissue Function: to bind and support: Dense: bone &cartilage Adipose: fat, padding & insulation Loose : surrounds organs, supports nerve cells and blood vessels Liquid: blood, lymph

Nervous Tissue Function: To transmit and receive stimuli… Ex; eyes, brain, spinal cord

Muscle Tissue Function: to contract/relax and create movement Ex; triceps, biceps, heart

Body Organs Heart Lungs Kidneys Bladder Veins Arteries Liver Gallbladder Etc…..

Organ Systems Integumentary system; consists of skin, hair nails and sweat glands. Covers and protects the body, regulates body temperature. Cardiovascular system; consists of the heart, veins and arteries, and lymphatic system. It transports oxygen and nutrients to all body parts and removes waste products. Respiratory system; consists of the nose, larynx, trachea, diaphragm, bronchi, and lungs. It supplies the blood with oxygen and assists in the exchange of gasses.

Organ Systems Cont… Muscular system: Consists of muscle tissues. It allows the body to move and controls movements within the body. Skeletal system: Consists of bones, cartilage, and joints. It provides body support and protection. Digestive system: Consists of the mouth, stomach and intestines. It processes food and eliminates food waste. Urinary system: Consists of the kidneys, bladder and ureters and the urethra. It filters the blood and removes liquid waste as well as excess fluid.

Anatomical Language The study of anatomy and physiology require knowledge of anatomical language and the organization of the human body… The Goal of the anatomical language portion of this lesson is for you to be familiar with terms used to describe anatomical locations and be able to use them in describing human anatomy…

Anatomical Language The anatomical position is the standard position used when describing anatomy of the human body… Body in an erect position Mouth closed Eyes and head facing forward Arms are close to the body and the palms are facing forward

Figure 9-5 Body Planes A. Coronal or Frontal, B. Transverse, C. Medial, Sagittal or Midsagittal (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWUgiCbe9hM)

Anatomical Language Location of organs are described in relation to these terms: Inferior (below) Superior (above) Medial (close to the midline) Lateral (away from the midline) Anterior or ventral (in front of) Posterior or dorsal (behind) Proximal (close to the attachment site) Distal (away from the attachment site) Supine (on the back, facing forward) Prone (on the stomach, facing down)

Anatomical Language

Body Cavities

Body Regions

Body Cavities Five body cavities: Cranial Spinal Thoracic Abdominal Contains the brain, ventricles, and some glands Spinal Houses the spinal cord and nerves Thoracic Contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels Abdominal Contains stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys Pelvic Contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

Divisions of the Back

Abdominal Quadrants Four Quadrants: 1. Right Upper Quad (RUQ) 2. Left Upper Quad (LUQ) 3. Right Lower Quad (RLQ) 4. Left Lower Quad (LLQ)

Body Regions

Body Regions Region Organ Right Hypochondriac Stomach Epigastic Left Hypochondriac Right Lumbar Umbilical Left Lumbar Right Inguinal Hypogastric Left Inguinal