Outline 1. Motivation 2. River Morphodynamic 3. Sediment Transport in River Bends 4. Application Example

1. Motivation Kurabayashi (2003)

1. Motivation Kurabayashi (2003)

1. Motivation Internet

1. Motivation Internet

1. Motivation Patt (1998)

1. Motivation Internet

1. Motivation Internet

2. River Morphodynamic Patt (1998)

2. River Morphodynamic Increase of movable Sediments Upper Reaches Sand Gravel Boulder Silt fine Sand Upper Reaches Middle Reaches Low Reaches Decrease of Valley Slope Decrease of Sediment Size Huette (1994), modified

2. River Morphodynamic B C A M R A M R A.M. daSilva (2001)

2. River Morphodynamic Ackers&Charlton (1970)

Meander Characteristics 2. River Morphodynamic Meander Characteristics Internet

2. River Morphodynamic daSilva (2001)

Spiral Motion of Flow in a Channel Bend 3. Sediment Transport in River Bends Spiral Motion of Flow in a Channel Bend Spiral motion

Bed Load Particle on Transversal Slopes 3. Sediment Transport in River Bends Bed Load Particle on Transversal Slopes ....Kikkawa et al. (1976) ....Engelund (1981) Spiral motion

Reduced Stability for Particles on Side Slope 3. Sediment Transport in River Bends Reduced Stability for Particles on Side Slope Bed Bank FLow Wsina Wcosa a d RD Fb Brooks (1963)

4. Application Example Experimental set up by Kawai & Julien (1996) 20 450 50 160 a all measures in [cm] 4 l/s Discharge 50 mm Mean flow depth 1/300 Mean bed slope 0.00144 l/s Sediment feed 0.6 mm d50 3.7 mm/s 0.77 4 3 Measured shear velocity Froude number Width/depth Raduis/width

Contour plot of the bed changes 4. Application Example experiment bed changes in [m] simulation bed changes in [m] Contour plot of the bed changes

4. Application Example Direction of a bed load particle after Kikkawa et al. (1976) experiment bed changes in [m] simulation bed changes in [m] Contour plot of the bed changes

4. Application Example Direction of a bed load particle after Engelund (1981) experiment bed changes in [m] simulation bed changes in [m] Contour plot of the bed changes

Bed changes over time [m] 4. Application Example Bed changes over time [m]

4. Application Example Friedkin (1945)

4. Application Example Friedkin (1945)

The Application – Friedkin Experiment (1945) 4. Application Example The Application – Friedkin Experiment (1945) rigid lid approach hwetting/drying = 0.003m