In your own words, define chemistry Give 2 examples of things you did yesterday that involved chemistry
Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry
1.1 Chemistry Matter is anything that has ____________ and takes up _____________. What is Chemistry? *Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.
Areas of Study 1. Organic Chemistry – Study of chem. Five traditional areas of study: 1. Organic Chemistry – Study of chem. containing carbon 2. Inorganic Chemistry-no carbon/found mainly in non-living things 3. Biochemistry-study of processes that take place in organisms (muscle contraction,digestion) 4. Analytical Chemistry-composition of matter 5. Physical Chemistry-mechanism, rate,energy transfer that occurs when matter changes
Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure chemistry-the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake Applied chemistry-research that is directed toward a practical goal or application *Pure research can lead to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works. Example: Nylon, Aspirin, Technology
Why should we study chemistry? Explain the natural world Prepare for a career Be an informed citizen Knowledge
1.2 Chemistry Far and Wide Chemists design materials to fit specific needs Often inspired by nature (burrs/cloth) *Macroscopic world *Microscopic world
What impact do chemists have on… Energy Medicine and Biotechnology Agriculture The Environment The Universe
Energy Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy. Conservation? Production? Storage?
Medicine and Biotechnology Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients.
Agriculture Chemists help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops.
The Environment Chemists help to identify pollutants and prevent pollution.
The Universe Chemists gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to Earth.
1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist
Chemistry – Alchemy (Alchemists developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals) Antoine Lavoisier (late 1700s) helped transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement it is today. (O2 required for a material to burn)
The Scientific Method A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem State the problem Collect background information/Research Hypothesis – able to test Experiment – variables/control Make observations/Data collection Conclusion-accept or reject hypothesis Publish results
Experiment Procedure used to test a hypothesis Variables/factors that can change a. Independent variable (manipulated) – the variable that you ____________ during an experiment b. Dependent variable (responding) – the variable that is _________________ during the experiment *the experiment must produce the same result no matter how many times it is repeated, or by whom…the importance of publishing procedure with results
Graphing
Theory A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations (ex: MO, VSEPR p. 232) *Can a theory change? Scientific Law -a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments (The Gas Laws p. 418) When can a hypothesis become a theory?
Why are collaboration and communication important? How has communication among scientists changed over time?
1.4 Problem Solving in Chem Develop a plan and implement Analyze, calculate, evaluate See sample problem 1.1 (p.30)
Question Does the amount of sleep a student gets affect how well he/she does in school?