Chapter 7 The Presidency  To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform, 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato  Pearson Education, 2009

Table 8.1- U.S. Presidents  Back

Roots of the Presidency No chief executive under Articles of Confederation. Natural-born citizen, 35 years old. Two four-year terms, per Twenty-Second Amendment. Little attention to vice president. Can be impeached by Congress. Order of succession in Twenty-Fifth Amendment.

Table 8.2- Presidential Succession  Back

Constitutional Powers More limited than Article I powers of Congress. Appointments to executive, Cabinet, and judiciary. Convene Congress. Make treaties or executive agreements. Veto legislation; no line-item veto. Act as commander in chief of armed forces. Pardon individuals accused of crimes.

Table 8.7- U.S. Cabinet  Back

Table 8.4- Treaties  Back

Table 8.5- Presidential Vetoes  Back

Roles of the President Chief law enforcer. Leader of the party. Commander in chief. Shaper of domestic policy. Player in legislative process. Chief of state.

Establishing Presidential Power George Washington sets precedent. Claimed inherent powers for national government. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson follow lead. Andrew Jackson asserts power through veto. Abraham Lincoln uses Civil War to expand office. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal ushers in new era.

Presidential Establishment Growing power of the vice president. Cabinet advisors to deal with a variety of issues. First ladies act as informal advisors. Executive Office of the President. White House staff directly responsible to president.

Table 8.3- Women on Presidential Teams  Back

Presidential Leadership Leadership ability and personality can be key. “Power to persuade.” Bully pulpit and going public. Approval ratings can help or hinder.

AV- Presidential Approval  Back

Table 8.6- Best and Worst Presidents  Back

Table 8.8- Presidential Personalities  Back

President as Policy Maker FDR is first president to send policy to Congress. Very difficult to get presidential policies passed. Ability to get desired budget passed helps. Office of Management and Budget plays key role. Use of executive order to avoid Congress.