FORAMINA OF PALATE AND NASAL CAVITY

FORAMEN ROTUNDUM – CN V2

V1 V2 V3 TRIGEMINAL (SEMILUNAR) GANGLION

PTERYGO- MAXILLARY FISSURE – LEADS TO PALATINE FOSSA

V2 - MAXILLARY - GSA Inferior Orbital Fissure Pterygomaxillary Fissure Post. Sup Alveolar For.

V2 - MAXILLARY - GSA Nose Infraorbital Zygomatic Post Sup. Alveolar 3. Posterior Superior Alveolar Maxillary molar teeth 4. Infraorbital Lower eyelid, nose, upper lip a) Ant. & Mid Sup Alveolar Other Maxillary teeth 5. Zygomatic Skin of check Post Sup. Alveolar

POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR FORAMINA – IN MAXILLARY BONE – CONNECT INFRATEMP. FOSSA TO MAX TEETH POST. SUP.ALV. N., A., V.

PTERYGO- MAXILLARY FISSURE – LEADS TO PALATINE FOSSA FORAMEN OVALE FORAMEN SPINOSUM

FORAMEN OVALE NOSE FORAMEN SPINOSUM MIDDLE MENINGEAL A. POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR N. V2 INFERIOR ALVEOLAR N. (V3) LINGUAL N. V3

V2 - MAXILLARY - GSA 1. Meningeal Branch Dura of Middle Cranial Fossa 2. Ganglionic branches a) Greater Palatine N. Hard Palate b) Lesser Palatine N. Soft Palate c) Nasopalatine Nasal Cavity Ant. part of hard Palate d) Nasal Branches Nasal Branches V2 Naso- Palatine Greater Palatine Lesser Palatine Note: V2 branches from Pterygopalatine Fossa to Nasal Cavity are deep and can only be seen on bisected head

BASE OF CRANIUM FROM EXTERNAL SIDE HARD PALATE C)HARD PALATE-HORIZONTAL PLATE OF PALATINE BONES & PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES B)OCCIPITAL BONE- HAS FORAMEN MAGNUM- SPINAL CORD; OCCIPITALCONDYLES- FOR C1-ATLAS OCCIPITAL CONDYLE FORAMEN MAGNUM

HAMULUS OF MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE MEDIAL AND LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATES EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

NASAL CAVITY SPHENO- PALATINE FORAMEN

D. NERVES of NASAL CAVITY 1.Olfactory N. - SVA smell; Olfactory Area 2.General Sensation - GSA touch, pain, etc. - V1 Anterior Ethmoidal N. - V2 Nasal Branches - V2 Nasopalatine N. 3. Mucous Glands of nose - GVE - VII - Facial N. by Pterygopalatine Ganglion (hitchhike with branches of V) OLFACTORY N. PTERYGO- PALATINE GANGLION ANT. ETHMOIDAL N. NASAL BR. NASOPALATINE N. OLFACTORY AREA = area of Olfactory nerve endings RESPIRATORY AREA = rest of nasal cavity

E. and F. ARTERIES/VEINS, LYMPHATICS SPHENO- PALATINE A. ANT. ETHMOIDAL A. 1. Arteries a. Sphenopalatine Artery - from Maxillary A. b. Ant. & Post Ethmoidal A. - from Ophthalmic A. c. Branches of facial A. br. of FACIAL A. 2. Veins a. Ethmoidal vein drain to Ophthalmic v. b. Other branches Pterygoid Venous Plexus c. Facial Vein F. Lymphatics- Retro- pharyngeal Nodes Note: Epistaxis (nosebleed) can be extensive due to Anastomoses – Spurting if arterial

III. PALATE B. Anatomy 1. Hard Palate a. Maxillary Bones (palatine process) b. Palatine bones (horizontal plate) INCISIVE FORAMEN

INCISIVE FORAMEN

GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN LESSER PALATINE FORAMEN

ARTERIES, NERVES AND LYMPHATICS Nasopalatine N 3. Blood Supply a. Descending Palatine Artery (from Maxillary A.) - divides to -- Greater Pal. A. – hard palate Lesser Pal. A. – soft palate b. Ascending Palatine Artery (from facial A.) 4. Nerves- from V2 – sensory a. Greater Palatine N. & Nasopalatine N.—hard Palate b. Lesser Palatine—Soft Palate 5. Lymphatics—Retropharyngeal Nodes

PETRO- TYMPANIC` FISSURE