The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO: The only intergovernmental body in the UN system specializing in ocean science, services, observations, data exchange and capacity development 1960, now 148 Member States Main Programmes and targets: GOOS, JCOMM IODE (OBIS) Tsunami, HABs Ocean Science WCRP MSP, Coastal Zone Ocean Teacher, CD SDG 14, Blue economy Regional work Let me first say a few words about IOC. Established in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission or IOC was created to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in ocean research, services and capacity building, in order to generate knowledge about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas; and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. IOC is the only specialized organization of United Nations in these matters. Since 1987, IOC has enjoyed functional autonomy within UNESCO. This means that unlike other UNESCO sectors, IOC’s functions and activities (within the guidelines of its founding mandate) are almost wholly dependent on IOC’s own Assembly, composed of all States members of the Commission. In other words, IOC defines and implements its own programme while reporting directly to its Assembly and UNESCO’s General Conference.

Pillars for IOC post-2015 agenda Challenges (as in the G7 white paper) Agenda 2030 including Ocean SDG Climate Regime (Paris COP21) Sendai UN post-2015 Disaster Risk Framework UNCLOS, BBNJ – emerging Blue Growth (“Blue Economy”) Challenges (as in the G7 white paper) Projections of global and regional-scale long-term change and variability Sustaining the productive capacity of the ocean’s ecosystems under increasing pressure Sustainable use of marine ecosystem services (resources) Resilience of human population and economy to risks from marine-related disasters

How are the activities connected? Are they in reality? Pull and push

What kind of activity may be needed? Breakthrough in Biology Projection of Forcing (CMIP) ES Grid Federation Earth System Grid Federation Coupled Model Intercomparison Project More Comprehensive Observations and DAS Ecosystem Service RD

Current State of Knowledge for Deep-Sea Bed Ecosystem Services So I hope you agree that science and scientific capacity is critical to support SD objectives. The challenge that we face in the ocean is that scientific knowledge of the ocean is pretty limited : As an example this table shows states of knowledge against major goods and services provided by oceans ecosystems remain at a low level particularly for indirect services such a nutrient cycling of the role of mircoorganims Therefore scientific research, observation/monitoring the oceans and the mobilizing of indigenous knowledge is a requirement, and this is particularly relevant to SIDS who have jurisdiction over large EEZs, hosting a variety of marine species and habitats. (Source: UNEP)

New generation of Earth System Modelling (E. Kalnay)

? My own cartoon on COP21 We are all in one little boat. Nobody agrees to rowe more than others! We are all in one little boat. Europe should take the lead ! 7