Early Civilizations in the Americas Part III: Aztec and Part IV: Inca www.glscott.org
ASSIGNED WHEN WORK IS NOT TURNED IN! REVIEW IN-CLASS ASSIGNMENTS: Due at the end of class TUTORIALS: ASSIGNED WHEN WORK IS NOT TURNED IN! www.glscott.org
The AZTEC (1200-1519) The Legend Tenochtitlan Present Day Mexico City www.glscott.org
They extended their empire to include People in surrounding areas They forced tribute payments Many indigenous peoples in Latin America trace their roots back here Very significant impact on history www.glscott.org
A problem...lack of arable farm land CHINAMPAS tomatoes, peppers, avocadoes, corn www.glscott.org
Girls were taught by their mothers & women stayed busy at their homes Boys and Men were dedicated to WARFARE... Umbilical cords Becoming a man Method of capture Social Mobility www.glscott.org
Thought Illnesses were a Punishment from the gods Huitzilopochtli ~ the Aztec Sun God...battled Evil each night Offered thousands of Human sacrifices each Year to appease him (about 100 or so per day) Thought Illnesses were a Punishment from the gods www.glscott.org
Slaves, prisoners of war or even Aztec people were used as sacrifices It was considered an honor to the Aztec www.glscott.org
Diseases due to Lack of Immunity Hernan Cortez 1519 600 men Horses, cannons, Armor, steel swords www.glscott.org
Montezuma II...Aztec Emperor Gave gold & Gifts Taken hostage Diseases had Weakened them Killed in Tenochtitlan Conquistadors 1521 ~ Cortez seized Tenochtitlan Present day ~ Mexico City www.glscott.org
The INCA (1100-1532) The LARGEST civilization in Latin Amer. 6-8 million people Origins unclear NO written History Andes Mts. in p.d. Peru www.glscott.org
Capital: CUZCO (shaped like a puma) Inca Kings: son of the SUN Inca Queens: daughter of the Moon www.glscott.org
Took on many INCA beliefs Conquered People Maintained own rule Took on many INCA beliefs Could accept or become enslaved Had to prove loyalty by sending valuable treasures to CUZCO www.glscott.org
Achievements Expert Builders no written plans, no mortar...perfectly cut stones Road system 2000 miles long, paved Relays, rest houses, all on foot www.glscott.org
Expert Metalworkers copper, bronze, tin, gold, iron (no steel) Quipu Terrace Farming www.glscott.org
Medical Feats Amputations Brain Surgeries Sutures Blood Transfusions www.glscott.org
Worshiped INTI the SUN GOD Chosen Women worked from a young age then were sacrificed www.glscott.org
1532 The Arrival of Europeans Francisco Pizarro from Spain Atahualpa: the last Incan King www.glscott.org
The Inca were weakened by diseases brought by the Europeans and by a civil war between themselves... Atahualpa Captured Room full of GOLD On trial...executed Leaderless...soon fell to Spanish in 1533 www.glscott.org
Profound effects of European Colonization... conquest death of native Americans cultural diffusion Inter-marriage imperialism migration Slave Trade www.glscott.org