Foundations of Engineering and Technology I General Safety Foundations of Engineering and Technology I

Materials Paint, enamel, lacquer, or solvents must not be used near flames or sparks because they are flammable. Keep flammable materials in the metal cabinet. Never leave material lying around someone could get cut, slip, or fall. Hot metal placed in water can cause the water to be hot enough to burn someone.

ALWAYS CLEAN UP THE LABORATORY BEFORE YOU LEAVE!!!!

SAFETY It’s everyone’s responsibility!

Essential Questions: 1. Why is safety important? 2. What are general safety rules to follow? 3. What is the proper way to use the lab equipment? 4. Where is the safety equipment located?

Why Safety Instruction? It's Required. For all students prior to working with equipment.

Why Safety Instruction? Develop an awareness of hazards and become more safety conscious at school, work or at home. Develop a serious attitude toward the use and practice of safety procedures To prepare for safety before entering the work area, in the work area, at a workstation and on leaving the work area To recognize safety symbols, color codes and safety equipment

WHY? Federal, State and Local Governments pass laws in order to protect citizens (taxpayers) Schools are responsible to parents for sending kids home in the same condition they arrive each day.

WHY? $ Private Agencies/Businesses/Industry are held accountable for providing a safe working environment for their employees. (Law suits cut into profits.) Company is less productive when employees are lost or disabled. Keeping experienced employees safe is more productive and profitable than constantly training replacements.

WHY? $ Manufacturers of tools and machines want to avoid lawsuits or recalls from defective products. That’s bad P.R. and will hurt sales. They also want you to come back and buy their products again.

Making Safety a Habit

“You won’t believe the bad luck I just had….” Read story to class: First, a little background. We’ll be talking about two next-door neighbor families. The Smiths and the Johnsons. The families are basically identical, same income, same model and year of car, (They even bought them the same day), virtually identical houses that they just had painted last summer. But out of the three accidents on their street last year the Smiths had two of them. Bum luck? There are some differences in their attitudes and actions. The Smiths went on an expensive ski trip just last month. The Johnsons wanted to go but couldn’t afford it because they had to replace the worn out tires on their car. Mr. Smith figured that he could put off getting his tires replaced until next month so that they could go skiing. “I couldn’t help it. It was an accident.” If you haven’t made that statement, you are a rare individual. Most people feel that many accidents happen by chance and there’s nothing you can do about them. When we talk about accidents we speak in terms of luck. We might shake our heads and say “What rotten luck!” or “The Smiths have the worst luck. They just had a blowout aend wrecked their car. Last week they even had a fire in their basement workshop. We all know a family like that. Why do we use luck to explain an accident. First of all, we’re all “perfect” in our minds. “No way could it be My fault!” So it has to be someone or something else that caused it. What’s the first thing you do if you’re walking into a room full of your friends and you trip over the rug? Do you merely just collect yourself and continue on? NO WAY! You instantly turn and glare at the “stupid rug”. It wouldn’t be cool to say “I should have been paying attention to where I was walking.” Even though your friends may say something different when you’re not there, they are more likely to try to make you feel better by telling you – “Those things happen.” or “You’re just having some bad luck.” To sum it up, when safety is practiced we don’t really notice it. But when it’s not, and an accident happens, we look for a “scape-goat” and blame it on luck.

Where Do Most Accidents Happen? Why? Home Work or

At Home We Think We’re Safe and Drop Our Guard …and that false sense of security can lead to an Accident!

Recognizing Hazards

A hazard is a dangerous situation that could cause an accident. What is a Hazard? A hazard is a dangerous situation that could cause an accident.

Three Types of Hazards Immediate Hazard – A situation that is visible and presents an immediate danger. Potential Hazard – A situation that is visible but could become dangerous if combined with other situations or events. Hidden Hazard – An existing dangerous situation that is hidden from obvious view.

Recognizing Hazards List and Categorize as many hazards as Assignment you can recognize in the Smith's basement. The Smiths The johnsons Who do you predict to have the next accident?

Internal injury, abrasion, fractured rib... Immediate Hazards Tripping, fall... Internal injury, abrasion, fractured rib... Tripping, fall...

Potential Hazard A + B + C The combination of low lighting, tripping over paint can and the broken stair rail COULD combine for a serious injury.

Hidden Hazard Where does this extention cord go? Open cans..paint and solvent fumes Breathing Hazard & Possible explosion Possible mold and mildew - Health hazard

Accident Prevention

Identifying and correcting hazardous situations or conditions Accidents can be prevented by… Housekeeping Identifying and correcting hazardous situations or conditions

Accidents can be prevented by… Maintanence Keeping tools, machines and the work environment in the best possible condition

Accidents can be prevented by… The Right Attitude Follow ALL Safety Rules Stay Alert Don’t Take Chances IF IN DOUBT….ASK!

Overconfidence is Hazardous

Know your limitations. Get help when necessary.

Eye Protection is Required! School Lab Safety The only law affecting work in school labs is: Eye Protection is Required! Georgia Code 32-4201. This law mandates the wearing of safety goggles by every student, teacher, and visitor participating in or observing chemical, physical, or combined chemical physical activities involving caustic or explosive materials, hot liquids or solids, injurious radiation or other hazards.

Protective Safety Devices

Optional Safety Devices Protective equipment that is available but the individual must choose to use. It does not work automatically.

ALWAYS WEAR EYE PROTECTION WHEN WORKING IN THE LABORATORY! Safety Glasses Eye Glass Side Shields Goggles Full Face Shields

Safety Glasses are stored in sterilizing cabinet

Optional Safety Devices Earphones protect against permanent hearing loss.

Non-Optional Safety Devices Protective equipment that is operating whether or not we decide to use them.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS 80% of accidents are caused by human error. 20% of accidents are caused by unsafe conditions in the surroundings.

Accident Statistics (Don’t Be One)

What Body Parts Are At Risk

What Causes Most Accidents?

Accidents Take Their Toll Businesses spend $170 BILLION a year on costs associated with occupational injuries and illnesses – expenditures that come straight out of company profits. In addition Lost productivity from injuries and illnesses costs companies $60 BILLION each year. – O.S.H.A Auto/Home owners insurance companies rates are higher in some places These factors determine the rates you pay: Where you live (apartments vs home) or drive the most, your sex, age group, your accident record etc. The higher the risk that they’ll have to pay, the higher your rates will be.

Safety Agencies and Organizations NSC Click on logos to visit web sites if internet is available

Fire Safety

Three Elements of a Fire OXYGEN HEAT FLASHPOINT FUEL To Put it Out Simply Take One Away

Classifications of Common Fires

Extinguishers are placed in easy-to-see & reach positions. Extinguishers receive regular inspections

Our Fire Extinguishers How long will they work? Lasts 15 Minutes Lasts 5 Minutes A B C Lasts 60 Seconds ONLY Lasts 15 Seconds

IF THE FIRE CAN’T BE PUT OUT IN 15 SECONDS… GET OUT AND CALL 911! Smoke kills more people than the fire itself.

NEVER USE WATER TO EXTINGUISH: Grease or Gasoline Fires or Electrical Fires Flame floats on water / Water conducts Electricity Both could cause serious injury or death.

Electrical Safety

Safety Around Electricity How Much Current Can Kill? 100 AMPS 20 Amps 1 Amp ONLY 1/1000 of an Amp

Never Overload Circuits Wires could get hot enough to melt the insulation and cause a short circuit inside the wall.

What is a Short Circuit? Electrons are forced to move through the device when the circuit is working properly But Electrons will ALWAYS look for the shortest path back to where they came from…even if that means jumping (arcing) between two conductors which could electrocute or start fires.

Safety Around Electricity Believe it or Not! Capacitors inside the back of your TV store over 10,000 volts and can electrocute you EVEN WHEN IT’S UNPLUGGED!! Believe it !

Safety Color Code Safety Red Stop/Danger/Fire Safety Orange Warning Safety Yellow Caution Safety Green Start/Safety Info

START Electrical Ground Wire

Tool/Machine Categories

Tools Always inspect a tool before you use it. If there is a damaged switch or cord on a power tool report it to your teacher immediately so that the tool can be put up for repair. Never touch a power tool if it is moving, wait until it comes to a complete stop. Always use the tool for its proper function.

Using Power Tools in the Laboratory Always get permission from the teacher before you use the machinery. Never talk to another student or the instructor while he/she is operating the machinery. When using the machinery stand only in the “Operator Zone” or the area where only the machinery operator should stand. Always unplug a power tool by the plug not the cord.

Types of Machines Drill Press – When cutting holes make sure the material is secured in a Vise or Gripping Tool. Never hold the material. Band Saw – Use the guide to push material through the blade and keep your hands from the blade. Never force material, forcing means you are trying too hard and could bind. Scroll Saw – Move material slowly, keep your hand away from the blade. Sander – Hold material firmly, always move against the spin.

When in the Laboratory… The Laboratory is a dangerous place if you are not careful. Never Horse Play. Never Operate the machinery without checking with the teacher. Loose hair should be tied up, clothing tucked in, jewelry taken off, and long sleeves rolled up. If an accident should happen contact the teacher immediately.

Materials Paint, enamel, lacquer, or solvents must not be used near flames or sparks because they are flammable. Keep flammable materials in the metal cabinet. Never leave material lying around someone could get cut, slip, or fall. Hot metal placed in water can cause the water to be hot enough to burn someone.

Lockout and Tagout October 30, 1989 – the Lockout/Tagout Standard, 29 CFR 1910.147 went into effect Intended to reduce the number of deaths and injuries related to servicing and maintaining machines and equipment.

Lockout – the placement of a lockout device on an energy-isolating device to ensure that the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed by an authorized person Utilizes a positive means such as a lock to hold an energy-isolating device in the safe position and prevent the energizing of a machine or device

Tagout – is the placement of a tagout device on an energy-isolating device in accordance with an established procedure to indicate that the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed Must warn against hazardous conditions if the machine or equipment is energized and must include a clear warning such as: DO NOT START. DO NOT OPEN. DO NOT CLOSE. DO NOT ENERGIZE. DO NOT OPERATE

What is an Accident? An unplanned event that may or may not result in an injury

ALWAYS CLEAN UP THE LABORATORY BEFORE YOU LEAVE!!!!

Whether at work or play one goal to say don’t let safety be a stranger to thee. From hazards you can’t tame you may not look the same.

Safety First!

THAT'S ALL FOLKS!