Native Americans

Huron

Huron Original names: Wendat / Attignaouantan / Attigneenongnahac Arendahronon / Tohontaenrat Lived in longhouses with extended family Mainly relied on agriculture – corn, beans, squash, sunflowers Placed a high value on education, from an early age Organized government – clan chiefs -> council -> village chief -> band council -> band chief band councils + band chiefs = Huron Nation Women were highly influential – chose leaders 1600s – population between 20,000 and 30,000 “ – the French re-named them “Huron”, or “boar’s head” “ – involved in the fur trade with the French / Samuel de Champlain 1650s – Iroquois drive Huron out of their lands (aided by Dutch firearms) 1750s – allied with French against the British and Iroquois 1800s – U.S. govt forces remaining Huron to sell lands & relocate 1905 – population around 850 Today – population around 4,000 (Huron descendants)

Algonquian

Algonquian Algonquian is the language spoken by many tribes: Algonquin Far North; semi-nomadic, hunting, trapping, fishing, gathering; wigwams covered in animal skins and birchbark; patriarchal structure; shaman could heal the sick and communicate with spirit world; “canoe” and “toboggan” Powhatan Virginia, Pocahontas Massachusetts Wampanoag Metacom Pequot Mohegan Narragansett Most Algonquian tribes allied themselves with the French until France lost its North American colonies in the French and Indian War (1756-1763). Fearing white settlement of their lands, many Algonquian-speaking peoples then sided with the British in the American Revolution, and in the War of 1812. By the 1840s, most Algonquian-speaking tribes had been forcibly removed west of the Mississippi under increasingly aggressive U.S. American Indian removal policies.

Iroquois

Iroquois Ontario / Upstate New York Also refers to a language / group of tribes Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga Pre-1500s, the five tribes fought each other When settlers came, they banded together – The Five Nations Elaborate political system: bicameral legislature, sachems (reps), unwritten constitution Lived in longhouses; agriculture was main source of food; women had power to create life so were in charge of food distribution; women chose sachems; matrilineal. Fought other tribes fiercely; Confederation drove out other tribes French and Indian War – allied with the British, against the French + Algonquin

Pueblo

Aztecs