1. First Nations, Metis and Inuit

2. A Migration
The first Indigenous people crossed into Canada 30,000 years ago.
They would have crossed when the Bering Strait was frozen.
They crossed over from what is today Asia to Alaska following herds of animals.

4. Canada There are three different Indigenous groups in Canada
1. First Nations
2. Metis
3. Inuit
Each group is comprised of smaller groups.
These groups shared commonalities like:
Holistic view on knowledge
An interconnectedness with land and community
A reliance of plants for medicine

5. Indigenous Technology
Knowledge
Traditionally their knowledge was passed on orally
Transportation
Canoes
Kayaks
Toboggans
Snowshoes

6. Specific Groups

7. Iroquois St. Lawerance lowlands Sedentary – Farmers
Matriarchically form of government
Village centred around longhouses
Diet: corn, squash and beans

8. Algonquin Lived on the Canadian Shield (Eastern and Central Canada)
Hunters and gathers
Patriarchal
Nomadic, lived in Wigwams
Traveled using, canoe, snowshoes and toboggans.

9. Jacques Cartier

10. Exploration Cartier made three trips to Canada 1534 1535 1541
Commissioned by the King of France to:
Find an alternative route to the East
Bring back gold, silk and other riches.
Claim land for the King of France
On his first voyage he claimed land for the King and reported on the fur, timber and fish.

11. Did Cartier and the King of France have right to claim land in Canada?
Discussion Questions
Did Cartier and the King of France have right to claim land in Canada?

12. 1535 and 1541 2nd Voyage Cartier brought over more men.
Indigenous people taught  Europeans how to survive in Canada
3rd Voyage
Set up a colony in Canada
Cartier came with missionaries to convert the First Nations people
Original colony was abandoned within the year

13. In Class Activity
Using what we have learnt today, create a comic strip of Cartier's 3 voyages.
Additional independent research is encouraged.
Requirements:
At least 3 different scenes
Neat, colourful and easy to understand
A short explanation of each picture is required
* I love stick figures as long as the meaning is clear!

14. Samuel De Champlain

15. 1608 Next France explorer to try to set up a colony in North America
Set up fur trade monopolies
These monopolies were given to European fur traders as long as they tried to convert the Indigenous people
The fur trade brought an alliance between the French and the Huron and Algonquins.  It also created an alliance between Iroquois and the Dutch and English

16. The Fur Trade 
Introduced alcohol, guns and disease into the Indigenous communities. 
Created division/battles among the Europeans and their Indigenous allies.
Within a couple of generations of Europeans arriving in North and South America 95% of the Indigenous population had died off.
Many Indigenous groups like the Huron became extinct.