Review for Exam: Unit One AP World History

Bell ringer 1) Despite the major differences, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all emphasized A) a strong priesthood B) clearly organized church structures C) Hostility to worship of religious images D) Life after Death E) mixing political and religious institutions 2) Civilizations developed independently from the three classical civilizations in A) northeast Africa B) Japan C) the Americas D) Korea E) northern Europe

Themes of the THREE civilizations China, India, and Mediterranean Region Basic themes of the classical period: expansion and integration integrate - Definition To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify. INTEGRATION: Growing/Expanding yet pulling together by more than just name India used religion to integrate and cement people China emphasized centralization especially in politics Rome emphasizes politics and culture like never before, offered citizenship to elites, and a tight trade network among grain growing regions

Social Integration: FAIL All three classical civilizations fostered great inequalities' between men and women AND between upper and lower class. India: Caste System China: Confucian sense of hierarchy Mediterranean: slavery ASSUMPTION OF INEQULAITY AS NORMAL IS COMMON IN ALL THREE SOCIETIES Buddha exception to inequalities: he opposes

Classical World Declines… Integration and expansion faltered between 200 and 500 CE.

What’s going on outside of the big three? AFRICA Kush and Axum- active areas 1000 to 300 BCE Ethiopians take over 300 BCE Ethiopia has strong contacts with eastern Mediterranean even after the fall Ethiopia has oldest continuous monarchy- actually flourished until 20th century For most of Africa below Sahara major development up to 500 BCE is spread of agriculture and development of well organized villages- must like we still see in Africa today

What’s going on outside of the big three? JAPAN Year 200 CE Established extensive agriculture Regional political organization based on tribal chiefs evolved Each tribal group has its own god, thought of as an ancestor Ironworking: skipped bronze age and went directly to iron Shintoism: religion of worshipping political rulers and spirits of nature: i.e. god of rice

What’s going on outside of the big three? Olmec Culture CENTRAL AMERICA 800-400 BCE Indian group called the Olmecs Lacked writing but produced massive pyramid shaped religious monuments Scientific research produced calendars Disappeared without a clear trace in 400 BCE however, their successors developed Teotihuacan which was the first great city in the Americas.( Became center of trade and worship) From the base of this culture we see the development of the MAYA from 400 CE onward.

Decline in China Combination of internal weaknesses and invasion 100 CE China- Han dynasty in decline: Huns (central Asian nomadic group) invaded, politically central gov’t control has diminished, bureaucrats becoming more corrupt, many lose land, social unrest increases, Confucian intellectuals less creative and Daoists gains appeal Daoist leaders: Yellow Turbans promised golden age to be brought about by divine magic Another problem: epidemics Cultural unity threatened as Buddhism spreads throughout China HOWEVER, China does revive itself near the end of the 6th century Sui then Tang dynasties- Tang revives Confucianism and bureacratic system Many Hun invaders ultimately assimilate and become a part of Chinese culture

Decline in India 500 CE- Hun invaders destroy Gupta empire in central India Many invaders integrate into warrior caste, forming a new ruling group of regional princes (Rajput) Indian culture continues to evolve- Buddhism declines further and Hinduism gains ground 600 CE- New invaders- Arab Armies fighting under the banner of “Allah.” Islam Greatly weakens India…Hinduism and the caste system still survive

Decline of Rome Roman Empire exhibits great many symptoms of decay after about 180 CE. Population declining- poverty and depression Political confusion leads to weak rulers Plagues also sweep the empire Constantine who rules from 312 to 337, attempts to reunite Rome under Christianity- Eastern Rome and Constantinople remain relatively strong, western Rome does not Germanic invaders ultimately put an end to the once strong and thriving empire around 476 CE.

Results of the Declines The New religious Map- period of decline saw a rapid expansion of Buddhism and Christianity The major religions: Hinduism in India, Buddhism in east and Southeast Asia, Daoism in China, Christianity in Europe and parts of the Mediterranean, and ultimately Islam

The World Around 500 BCE Societies in China, India, and the Mediterranean were trying to revive or rework their old institutions and values New religious map is forming and spreading Increased skill in agriculture and new contacts prepare other parts of the world for new developments, and THUS, the three centers of civilization of the CLASSICAL PERIOD would not dominate to the extent they once did

Directions In your groups, you are going to pass some review materials around. Each group has five of each article, I will switch materials. The reason this will really help? This is a more modern perspective and writing based on ancient events. It may help clarify the material. You will use the graphic organizer to help you organize the information.

Important Dates “prehistory”- 2.5 million – 1000 BCE Development of agriculture 9000-5000 BCE Neolithic Village- Catal Huyuk 7000 BCE Southern Turkey Mesopotamia develops 3500 BCE- Sumer, Babylon, Assyria Egyptian civilization- 3000 BCE Indus River Valley- MohenjoDaro 2500 BCE

Important Dates The Classical Period : 1000 BCE-500 CE