Pronouns and Determiners (Cohesion) Outsiders I can’t say why he chose to sleep in our pantry. Unit 1 Day 3 Y6: Autumn Term Fiction: Outsiders

Cohesion A cohesive text: flows smoothly makes links between ideas makes clear how meanings fit together When a text has cohesion, it fits together as a unit of meaning. It is not just a list of random sentences. Cohesive devices can help to create cohesion. Pronouns make links to what has already been said and help avoid repetition. Determiners make links to what has already been said.

Pronouns replace the nouns Eric and hat Pronouns are used in the place of a noun. Pronouns replace the nouns Eric and hat Eric had a hat. Eric put the hat on. Eric had a hat. He put it on. me she hers I mine his him it her yours he its

Click here for further revision of pronouns. Cohesive devices – Pronouns  Pronouns can be used as cohesive devices. They avoid repetition and make links to what has already been said.. Eric had found a hat. The hat was a large one. The hat was far too large to fit on Eric’s head. But Eric liked the hat. “The hat is Eric’s hat,” Eric said. Eric had found a hat. It was a large one. It was far too large to fit on his head. But he liked the hat. “It is mine,” he said. his The word in pink is a determiner. It comes before and specifies the noun (head) telling us whose head it is.

Determiners tell us more about the nouns. Determiners go before a noun. They show if a noun is specific or general. your a those the my her some that an his this its any Eric saw an elephant - any old elephant Eric was amazed at the elephants - the elephants in the zoo Children love elephants - children in general love elephants generally The children loved those elephants – the specified children loved the elephants we know about. The determiners are grouped into: articles, possessives, demonstratives, and quantity. This does not need to be shared with chn but it may be helpful to know that they can be grouped.

Cohesive devices – Determiners Determiners can be used as cohesive devices. They provide cohesion because they make links to what has already been said. the friends that were mentioned earlier the trick that Eric performed with his hat Those friends who had watched the trick asked Eric how he had done it. Eric smiled and shook his head. He would never reveal his secret. Those friends who had watched the trick asked Eric how he had done it. Eric smiled and shook his head. He would never reveal his secret. Eric’s secret about the trick in particular Eric shook his own head, where the frog had been Can you spot the determiners? How do they make links to other parts of the text?

Pronouns replace a noun. we me hers He was very curious. she I mine The objects were ours. him it his her he yours its Determiners go before a noun. your those a the some We repainted the spare room. my her that any an this His questions were unexpected. his these END OF TEACHING

There are three types of pronoun: Personal pronouns – I, me, you, he, she, him, her, etc. 2. Possessive pronouns – mine, yours, his, hers, its, etc. Possessive pronouns and determiners. Possessive pronouns are slightly tricky. If they stand on their own to preplace a noun, they are possessive pronouns. E.g. The book was his. (his replaces ‘Tom’s.) If they precede a noun, e.g. his book, then, strictly, these are possessive determiners as they behave like adjectives. It is NOT necessary to make this distinction with children in Y5 or Y6. 3. Relative pronouns – who, which, that, where, etc. Click here to return.

These replace nouns and noun phrases. 1. Personal pronouns These replace nouns and noun phrases. Simon called his guide dog. He called her. Guide dogs know how to cross the road. They know how to cross it. Hobbes the dog loved to chase cats. He loved to chase them. Tina is pleased with the guide dog. She is pleased with him. Occasionally ‘it’ is a ‘dummy pronoun’ when it refers not to anything specific but to an undetermined actor or subject. Because of this function, ‘it’ is sometimes called a place holder. E.g. It is raining. It all depends... The kitchen is where the dog sleeps. It is where he sleeps. The crazy new puppy with floppy ears bounced excitedly. She bounced excitedly. Click here to return.

2. Possessive pronouns These refer to the possession of someone or something by someone or something. Possessive pronouns stand in place of the noun. The guide dog is yours. The kennel is mine. Possessive pronouns and determiners. If they stand on their own to preplace a noun, they are possessive pronouns. E.g. The book was his. (his replaces ‘Tom’s.) If they precede a noun, e.g. his book, then, strictly, these are possessive determiners as they behave like adjectives. It is NOT necessary to make this distinction with children in Y5 or Y6. The white stick is hers. NOTE: In ‘That is your guide dog.’, ‘your’ is not a pronoun but a determiner. See slide 6 Click here to return.

3. Relative pronouns These usually introduce a clause which gives us more information about a person, creature, place or thing. The lead, which was made of metal, lay beside the dog. Ann, who was completely blind, wanted a dog. ‘which’ is a relative pronoun referring to the lead ‘who’ is a relative pronoun referring to Ann It is important to remember that a relative pronoun has to refer to a noun. So in the sentence: A book that I really enjoyed was Anna Karenina. ‘that’ is a relative pronoun as it refers to ‘A book’. But in the sentence: He told himself that the accident had not been his fault. ‘that’ is a conjunction and not a pronoun. ‘Who’ and ‘which’ are commonly relative pronouns, we have to be a little more careful about ‘that’ and ‘where’ and check that they are being used to refer to a noun. The high street is a place that many blind people find tricky. The house, where he lived, is all on one level. ‘that’ is a relative pronoun referring to the high street ‘where’ is a relative pronoun referring to the house