CHAPTER 2 ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS AND THE MICROSCOPE

At the end of this unit you should: 1 At the end of this unit you should: 1. Be able to draw and identify parts of a plant and animal cell. 2. Be able to state the functions of plant and animal cells. 3. Know how to compare the structures of and differences between a plant and animal cell. 4. Know the difference between a unicellular and multicellular organism. 5. Know the sequence of cell organisation. 6. Understand that some cells are specialised and perform a specific function, and be able to give two examples of such cells.

At a microscopic level, we are all composed of cells At a microscopic level, we are all composed of cells. Look at yourself in a mirror -- what you see is about 10 trillion cells divided into about 200 different types. Our muscles are made of muscle cells, our livers of liver cells, and there are even very specialized types of cells that make the enamel for our teeth or the clear lenses in our eyes! This is a 3 minute HD dramatic video choreographed to powerful music, which introduces the viewer to Cells. It is designed as a "trailer" to be shown by Biology teachers in High School and college as a visual "Introduction" to the wonder of cells. Note that it is different from my video titled "Cell Cycle The Scale of the Universe 2

Introduction to Cells This HD dramatic video choreographed to powerful music introduces the viewer/student to the wonder and miracle of cells. It is designed as a motivational "trailer" to be shown by Biology, Biochemistry and Life Science teachers in middle and high school and college as a visual "Introduction" to this amazing microscopic world. 2:54mins

1. The main parts in plant and animal cells are: The cell membrane - controls what passes in or out of the cell The nucleus - controls the cell The Cytoplasm, watery fluid where many cell reactions are carried out. Vacuoles used for temporary storage of food & wastes.

2. Plant cells have three features not present in animal cells: A cell wall for strength A large vacuole for storage Chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Copy the Venn diagram in Fig. 01. 01 Copy the Venn diagram in Fig. 01.01.04 and complete it by referring to Fig. 01.01.02 and Fig. 01.01.03

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. Copy the Venn diagram into your copy and fill in using the words in the word box. Animal Cell Plant Cell

The Microscope This image is of a purple, colour-enhanced human egg sitting on a pin. Villi in the small intestine increase the surface area of the gut, which helps in the absorption of food. Look closely and you'll see some food stuck in one of the crevices.

A microscope is used to view small objects in detail.

The parts of a microscope and their functions are as follows: Eyepiece: this lens enlarges the image of the object. Focus knobs: these allow a clear sharp image to be seen. Objective lenses: enlarge the image of the object. Stage: the slide is placed on the stage for viewing. Diaphragm: this changes the amount of light passing through the slide.

The total magnification is calculated by multiplying the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective lens being used.

Cell Organisation A tissue is a group of similar cells with a special function. An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to carry out a special function. A system is a group of organs working together.

Organisms are organised into: Cells→Tissues→Organs→Systems→Organisms

So Many Systems - Human Body Systems Rap 3:45mins This is a rap I created with my science students. "So Many Sytems" features the outrageous organisms from CrappyTeacher's hit song "Cells Cells" with new guest artist Planarian Pete featured on the bass line. Feel free to comment, like, and share!

Cell Division & Growth Cell division is the basis for the growth of an organism. Growth results from cells dividing. How Healthy Cells Divide 1:11mins

To examine animal or plant cells under a microscope Make sure there is light passing through the opening in the stage. Use the lowest power lens on the nosepiece. Clip the slide onto the stage. Turn the coarse focus knob to bring the stage close to the slide. 25

Turn the coarse focus knob to bring the lens away from the slide. Move the slide so that the cells of interest are in the centre. Adjust the amount of light passing through the slide. Change the objective lens to a higher power and re-focus using the fine focus knob. Draw labelled diagrams of the cells at each magnification. 26

To prepare a slide from plant tissue Cut an onion and remove a thin layer of cells. Place the onion cells in water on a microscope slide. Place a cover slip over the onion cells.

Draw a few drops of iodine solution across the cells using absorbent paper. 28