1. The Cell

2. Robert Hooke 1665, English Viewed cork and saw cells cellulae
Named after monastery cells

3. Cell Theory 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. New cells are reproduced from pre-existing living cells

4. Two types of cell structure
Simple/Prokaryotic cells
Complex/ eukaryotic cells

5. Prokaryotic Cells “pro” : before “karyon” : nut No nucleus Cell walls
No organelles
DNA is in the center
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms (Domain Archae and Domain Bacteria)

6. Eukaryotic Cell “eu” : true True nucleus DNA is in the nucleus
Has organelles

8. Prokaryote & Eukaryote Similarities
Cell membrane
A membrane layer that separates the interior of a cell from the outside; protects the cell
Cytoplasm
Clear, gel-like substance inside a cell
Genetic material
DNA
Ribosomes
Make proteins

11. tube

12. tube
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nosepiece
low power objective lens

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medium power objective lens
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17. low power objective lens
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Stage clips
diaphragm

18. low power objective lens
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low power objective lens
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Light source

19. low power objective lens
eyepiece
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nosepiece
low power objective lens
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20. low power objective lens
eyepiece
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nosepiece
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low power objective lens
medium power objective lens
High power objective lens
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21. low power objective lens
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nosepiece
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low power objective lens
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nosepiece
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low power objective lens
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Coarse adjustment knob
diaphragm
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23. low power objective lens
eyepiece
tube
nosepiece
arm
low power objective lens
medium power objective lens
High power objective lens
stage
Stage clips
Coarse adjustment knob
diaphragm
Fine adjustment knob
Light source

24. low power objective lens
eyepiece
tube
nosepiece
arm
low power objective lens
medium power objective lens
High power objective lens
stage
Stage clips
Coarse adjustment knob
diaphragm
Fine adjustment knob
Light source
base

26. Procedure 1. Peel the outer tissue layer of the onion.
2. Place on slide.
3. Add 1 drop of iodine.
4. Place cover slip on the onion slide.
5. View under the microscope.
6. Sketch the cells on looseleaf.
7. Label the nucleus

27. Passive Transport Review
plasma membrane video

30. Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Active Transport video

31. Organelle video
video

34. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER: contains ribosomes on its surface
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Ribosome: location where proteins are made

37. Golgi Bodies Membrane pouches throughout the cell
Sorts, packages, and releases proteins
Proteins exit the golgi
by exocytosis

39. Lysosomes
Small sacs (vesicles) that contain enzymes that help to digest and remove debris from the cell
Enzymes: speed up a chemical reaction

41. Mitochodria Mitochondrion (singular): powerhouse of a cell
Makes ATP (energy)

42. Mitochondria (continued)
Cristae: the folded, fingerlike projections of the inner wall of the mitochondrion
Cristae are important in making ATP

43. Centrioles
Small paired cylindrical structures that help to pull apart the two halves when a cell divides.

46. Vacuole
Storage organelle

48. Chloroplasts Only in plant cells
Chloroplasts: organelles that contain stacks of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll: green pigment where photosynthesis takes place

49. Photosynthesis
The process by which light energy from the sun is transformed into glucose

51. Animal & Plant Cell Differences
Plant: chloroplasts, large central vacuole, cell wall, autotroph
Animal: no chloroplasts, small vacuoles, no cell wall, heterotroph

53. Autotroph: organisms that make their own food supply
Heterotroph: organisms that cannot make their own food supply

54. Cellular Respiration
A process in the mitochondria that transforms food energy into ATP.
ATP: the basic unit of energy in a cell
Adenosine Triphosphate

55. Cell Cycle Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells multiply in different ways
Binary Fission: (Prokaryotes);
the cell simply splits into two
new cells
Paramecium
binary fission

56. Cell Cycle (cont)
Cell division: (Eukaryotes) the cell divides into two or more cells and includes mitosis
Mitosis video
Mitosis song

57. Unicellular & Multicellular Organisms
Unicellular: single-celled organisms that function wholly and independently from other organisms
Multicellular: organisms that are made up of many cells.
All prokaryotes are unicellular.
Eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular of multicellular

58. In Multicellular Organisms

59. Strawberry DNA extraction